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1、污水中有机碳资源回用技术研究污水中有机碳资源回用技术研究评 阅人： 指导教 师： 学院院 长： 学位论文完成日期： I摘 要污水中蕴含着大量的宝贵资源，传统的活性污泥法对这些资源往往不加以回收利用，而且在处理过程中消耗大量的能源。为了解决当前污水处理中高能耗的问题，改变传统活性污泥法能源浪费的现状，从根本上实现能源自给自足，论文探讨了基于有机碳回收的新型污水资源化处理路线，提出利用高效接触氧化法工艺（HiCS）作为将污水中的碳源回收至剩余污泥中的关键处理工艺，接下来采用高效厌氧消化组合工艺对剩余污泥进行高效稳定的厌氧消化，从而将污水中的有机碳资源回收至污泥中，最终转化为可燃烧的甲烷。采用 4
2、组 HiCS 反应器去除和回收污水中的碳源。试验结果表明 HiCS 系统作为一种高负荷的活性污泥法处理污水具有高污泥产率和低底物氧化率的明显优势，短污泥龄条件下（SRT=1.1d 和 SRT=2d）对 COD、N、P 的去除率没有很大的差别。相比混合碳源进水，单一碳源进水条件下系统对 SCOD 去除率较高。HiCS 系统在很短的时间内实现了对有机物的快速去除和回收。随着SRT 的升高，进水碳源回收至污泥中的比例逐渐减少，氧化为 CO2的比例越来越高。不同进水碳源和污泥龄条件下 HiCS 反应器对于 COD 的去除效果平均在 80%以上，最高可达 92%。对于污水中溶解性 COD 的回收主要通过
3、贮存作用进行，对于颗粒 COD 的去除主要通过吸附作用进行。分别采用高效高温和高效中温两套厌氧消化组合工艺对剩余污泥进行了长期厌氧消化试验，结果显示：在稳定性方面，两套系统均满足稳定性要求。研究不同反应器的 VS 去除率、产甲烷量、SCOD 浓度变化，分析两套组合工艺对厌氧处理效果的影响，并探讨高效厌氧消化工艺的机理，研究结果显示，高效高温系统总 VS 去除率为 41.4%，高于高效中温系统的平均总去除率37.3%；总甲烷产量分别为为 440.18mL/d 和 424.44mL/d。高效高温系统的SCOD 浓度高于高效中温系统，但是大分子蛋白质物质的去除效果高效中温系统更好一些。高温条件促进大
4、分子物质分解形成溶解性有机物是高效厌氧消化反应器有机物分解率高、产甲烷速率快的主要原因。两套组合系统均能达到能量平衡，但是高效高温组合系统较高效中温组合系统热量需求更大、能源回收II量更小，综合考虑 VS 去除率、产甲烷量、系统稳定性及能源产量，高效中温系统略优于高效高温系统。从微生物菌属水平分析，高温、短 HRT 条件对古菌的优势种群有影响。高效厌氧消化反应器（CSTRHi）和传统高温厌氧反应器（CSTRT）中绝大部分产甲烷过程都由 Methanothermobacter 和 Methanosarcina这两种菌属完成。Methanoseata 大量存在于传统中温厌氧反应器（CSTRM）中，
5、相对丰度高达 30.16%，在 CSTRT和 CSTRHi反应器中相对丰度比例不到 1%。较高水平的乙酸可有利于嗜乙酸产甲烷菌 Methanosaeta 的生长，CSTRM反应器中乙酸浓度显著高于 CSTRHi和 CSTRT反应器，这可能是 Methanosaeta 主要存在于 CSTRM反应器的原因之一。CSTRHi反应器中古菌比例（0.44%）显著小于 CSTRT和 CSTRM反应器（3.52%和 1.45%） ，这可能是短 HRT 反应器单位进泥的甲烷产量低于长 HRT 反应器的主要原因之一。关键词：碳资源回用，高效接触氧化，剩余污泥，高效厌氧消化IIIStudy on Reuse Te
6、chnology of Organic Carbon Resources in SewageMa Tianli （Architectural and Civil Engineering） Directed by Xing LizhenABSTRACTSewage contains a lot of valuable resources. However, the conventional activated sludge process not only consumes a considerable amount of energy for aeration of wastewater，bu
7、t also mineralizes or oxidizes a significant fraction of the influent organic carbon, which results in a loss of the energy recovery potential. In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and resource waste and in traditional activated sludge process, and to progress toward energy self
8、-sufficiency radically, a new sewage treatment route based on organic carbon recovery was dicussed. We developed a high-rate contact stabilization technology (HiCS), which was as a key process for recovering the carbon source from the effluent into the excess sludge. The following was efficient and
9、stable anaerobic digestion of the remaining sludge using combined high-rate thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes. Finally, the organic carbon resources were recovered into the sludge and then converted to combustible methane.The carbon source in the effluent was removed and recovered by four g
10、roups of high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) reactors. As a high-load activated sludge process, the HiCS system had significant advantages such as high sludge yield and low substrate oxidation rate. The remove rate of COD, N, P was similar, when the sludge retention time (SRT) is short (SRT=1.1d
11、or SRT=2d). The removal rate of SCOD was higher under the condition of single carbon source in water, compared with which of the mixed carbon source. In a very short period of time, HiCS system achieved the rapid removement and recovery of organic matter. In addition, with the increase of SRT, the p
12、roportion of water-borne carbon source recovered to the sludge gradually reduced, and the proportion of CO2 oxidated in this system was higher. The IVremoval efficiency of COD in HiCS reactor was more than 80% averagely and the maximum is 92% under different water source and SRT systems. The recover
13、y of SCOD in wastewater was mainly carried out by storage, and the removal of PCOD was mainly by adsorption. The long-term anaerobic digestion test of excess sludge was carried out by using two sets of anaerobic digestion process which were highrate-thermophilic and highrate-mesophilic anaerobic dig
14、estion treatment. In terms of stability, two systems both meet the stability requirements. The effects of two sets of combined processes on the anaerobic treatment were studied, and the mechanism of the anaerobic digestion process was also discussed. The results showed that the total removal rate of
15、 VS in highrate-thermophilic system was 41.4%, higher than that of in highrate-mesophilic anaerobic digestion treatment (37.3%), and the total methane yield was 440.18mL/d and 424.44mL/d, respectively in two systems. The SCOD concentration of the highrate-thermophilic system was higher than that of
16、the highrate-mesophilic system, but the removal efficiency of the macromolecule protein material was better in the latter system. Taking into account the VS removal rate, methane production and system stability, highrate-thermophilic system was slightly better than highrate-mesophilic system. The main reason for the rapid methane production in highrate anaerobic digestion treatment might be that thermophilic anaerobic digestion offered high
