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1、Grammar-Contrast between Present and Past ParticipleTeaching aims:1.正确理解现在分词的“主动、进行” 的含义和过去分词的“被动、完成”的含 义。2.了解现在分词的被动式“being +pp”表示“被动、进行”的含义3.了解现在分词的完成式“having +pp”表示“主动、完成”的含义1._ 和 _ 统称为分词。2.分词在句中的作用： 一般情况下，分词可作 ， ，以及。3.分词的逻辑主语：在大多数情况下，分词作 时，是它的逻辑主语。分词作时 ，是它的逻辑主语。分词作 和_ 时，是它的逻辑主 语。现在分词过去分词宾语补足语 定语
2、状语表语宾语补足语 宾语定语 它修饰的名词 全句的主语表语状语现在分词和过去分词的对比 1. 现在分词有“主动”含义，过去分词有“被动”含义。 2. （它们所表示的动作与它们的逻辑主语之间的主、被动 关系上）I heard someone opening the door. (宾补，主动含义）I heard the door opened. （宾补，被动含义）Who is the man standing by the door? (定语，主动含义）Who is the man taken to hospital? （ 定语， 被动含义）现在分词和过去分词的对比an exciting news
3、 a disappointing boy an excited boy a disappointed boybored studentsboring lecture分词作定语时，过去分词表示它所修饰的名词的 状态。现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的性质、特征 。现在分词表示正在进行的动作， 而过去分词一般表示已完成的动作falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves 落叶 The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 The risen sun 升起了的太阳 Boiling water 正沸腾的水Boiled water 开水 Developing country 发展中国家
4、Developed country 发达国家The news we heard was surprising. (表语，主动含义）We were surprised when we heard the news.（表语，被动含义）Seeing from the top of the hill, we think the.city looks even more beautiful. (状语，主动含义）Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks evenmore beautiful. （状语，被动含义）注意：分词作状语时其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致
5、。分词作状语时其逻辑主语如果不是句子的主语，应将其逻辑主语放在分词的前边，构 成独立主格结构。Weather permitting, we are going out for a picnic tomorrow.现在分词的“进行”含义一般是指分词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作是同时关系。 Looking out of the window , you could see lots of trees around.Would you please ask the girl standing over there?过去分词的“完成”含义是指分词表示的动作出现在谓语动词的动作之前。We visit
6、ed the temple built in Qing dynasty.Moved by his speech , we made up our minds to work harder.分词表示“被动、进行”的含义，用被动式“being+过去分词”They have just paid a visit to the hotel being in thecenter of the city. (正在被)We visited the new library built three minths ago.（已经)注意：过去分词表示被动，含有“已经”的意思现在分词的被动式，表示“正在被”。分词表示”
7、主动，完成”的含义，则用现在分词的完成式“having + 过去分词”。Having finished his homework , the boy went out to play. Having watered the vegetables , he took a rest.summary现在分词和过去分词练习题的解题要点： 1. A. 弄清分词在句中起什么作用。 2. B. 找分词的逻辑主语。 3. C. 判断分词与逻辑主语之间的关系。 4. D. 判断分词所表示的动作与主要动词所表示的动作 发生的先后顺序。现在分词和过去分词的对比 高考点击 1. The _ morning, the
8、father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following 2. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. 1. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring 2. C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired 3. Before _, the mac
9、hine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using CAA4._ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A .To give B . GivenC .Giving D . Having given 5. The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead. 1. A.lie B. lying C. lay D. laying 2.6. The ground is _ with _ leave
10、s. 3. A. covering, falling 4. B. covered , falling 5. C. covered, fallen 6. D. covering, fallenBBCPractice用括号中所给的单词的过去分词或现在分词填空。1.When he got home , he found his money _ (steal).2.We found a young man _ (steal) money in the bus.3.There are a lot of fallen leaves _ (cover) the road.4.Who is the boy _
11、 (stand) at the school gate?5._(give) more time , we could have done the work better.6._ (build) in 1958, the house was wood strutured.7.The boss opened the door and saw three girls _ (clean) the windows.stolenstealingcoveringstandingGivenBuiltcleaningHomework Revise Present and Past Participles Finish off Practice on Page 86.
