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1、省略句什么是省略句呢？v 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信 息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语 法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤 其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的 现象。 1. 简单句中的省略：v在对话中，交谈双方都知道 谈论的对象，则可以省略句子 的主语，省略主语和谓语的现 象在交际用语中出现的很多。省略主语：vBeg your pardon.vThank you for your help.vSee you tomorrow.vDoesnt matter.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 ：vNo smoking.vAnything else?vThis way, please.vHave a smoke?v- D
2、o you know Miss Gao?v- I dont know.v-Are you going there?v-Id like to.vHe did not give me the chance, though he had promised to.省略宾语：省略表语：v- Are you thirsty?v- Yes, I am.vHis brother is not lazy, nor is his sister.同时省略几个成分：v- Are you feeling better now?v- Much better.v- Have you finished your work?v
3、- Not yet.v在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾 语等都可以省略：v（1）They learn French and we English.v（2）My father planned and built all these houses.v（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.v（4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.2. 并列句中的省略：3. 复合句中的省略：限制性定语从中：v在限定性定语从句中 v 作宾语的关系代词that， which,whom可以省略；
4、the way后面 的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which Are you leaving for Beijing this Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? Sunday? I think so.I think so.soso Im leaving for Beijing this Im leaving for Beijing this Sunday.Sunday. Tom must be free today. Tom must be free today. If so. He can help us.If so. He can h
5、elp us.sosohe is free.he is free.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用主句中有一些成分被省略、而用soso或或notnot来代来代 替，替，如：如： It is going to rain, isnt it? It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.I hope not.notnotit is not going to rain.it is not going to rain.这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：How so? How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He Why so? I
6、s that so? I hope so. He said so.said so. 及 及I supposeI suppose /believe/believe/hope not. Why not?/hope not. Why not?等等。等等。v状语从句：v（1）If heated, water will boil.v（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.v（3）Well go to help you if necessary.v（4）Had I time, I would come.v（5）Ill go,
7、 should it be necessary.v在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的 主语一致时，可省去从句的“主语+be” 部分：vWhen a child, he often asked many interesting questions.vIm going with you if free.vThe river is clean where deep.vThough old, he works hard.vHe opened his lips as if to speak.v在某些状语从句中，从句的主语是it,其 后的动词be 及其主语可一起省略：vHelp him if possi
8、ble.vIf necessary, I shall go.v宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与 主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同， 可将从句部分的谓语省略。v（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you. v（2）Is Mr. King in his office?v Sorry, I dont know（whether he is in his office or not）.v4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式 结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不 定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。v（1）Would you like to go with us ?v
9、 Im glad to, but I have to finish my homework.v（2）Dont tell me the name of the sailor if you dont want to.v（3）Have you ever been to the seaside? v No, we cant afford to.v不定式符号to 的省略：vI told him to sit down and wait for a moment.v但如有对比关系，则不可省略to:vTo go home or to stay at school during the vacation is
10、 not decided.介词介词butbut前若有动词前若有动词dodo（did, does, done)did, does, done)， 后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带 toto，否则要带，否则要带to.to. He had no choice but to wait. He had no choice but to wait.t t o o He had nothing to do but wait. He had nothing to do but wait.waitwait前若有前若有dodo后则无后则无toto ，前若无，前若无dodo，后，后 必带必带toto英语中一些固定的
11、省略结构v（1）省略介词vHe spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小 时复习功课。vIve studied Eng1ish (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。v在以if, when, though, as if（好象）等 连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动 词是be ，常将主语和动词be 省略。vIf necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家 里打电报。vWhenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一
12、有可能就来帮助我。vWhile cycling, dont forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看 红绿灯。v由固定词组引导的疑问句：vWhat about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？vHow come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里 呢？vWhat if its raining? 如果天下雨怎么 办？vWhy not try again? 为什么不再试试 呢？Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to universi
13、ty. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completedThe research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun CADIf
14、 _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. Giving B. give C. given D. being given While building a tunnel through the mountain, _. A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground D. the workers discovered an undergroun
15、d lakeCD- You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing itThe boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather notC. Id like it D. Id be happy to BADWhat would have happened _, as far as the r
