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1、 高考阅读 主旨大意专项训练与指导永乐店中学于娇娜2012.11.27对读的要求 主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力 。考生应能：。考生应能： 1.1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义理解归纳语篇的主旨要义： 2.2.获取事实性信息；获取事实性信息； 3.3.利用上下文推测词义利用上下文推测词义 4.4.推断隐含意义；推断隐含意义； 5.5.理解作者意图理解作者意图 观点和态度；观点和态度； 6. 6.理解句子理解句子 段落之间的逻辑关系；段落之间的逻辑关系； 7. 7.理解语篇的基本结构。理解语篇的基本结构。考查主旨大意题常见的题干 ： The main id
2、ea of the paragraph (passage )is The paragraph (passage )is mainly about The best title for the passage might beSmoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other
3、 health problems. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. 1.中心句位于段首。开门见山 提出主题, 细节支 撑主题句主题句(Topic sentence)会在段落中的什么位置出现？1. Find out the topic sentence of the paragraph巩固练习People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they hav
4、e had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and
5、a soft drink. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 2.中心句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据；再得出 结论。2.F
6、ind out the topic sentence of the paragraphOne of the most important uses of gold is for moneyGold can be used to make rings， earrings，and other things. Gold is also used to make a gold leafCups and dishes can also be made from gold. Gold has many uses.巩固练习People who live in countries with many doct
7、ors and modern hospitals are worlds healthiest people - right？Not necessarily. Some groups of people who have no doctors or hospitals at all are among the worlds healthiest. For example，people who live on small, faraway islands get very few diseases because there are no outsiders to bring in germs o
8、r new illness.3.中心句在短文中间 常以一句或几句话引出主题，后细节支撑主题3.Find out the topic sentence of the paragraphThe rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the governments health budget be used for health education
9、 and diseases prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of disease are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people
10、get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor. 巩固练习Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided
11、 him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. How Tom became a lawyer. B.Tom is a diligent student. C. Tom received an excellent education.4. 有些段落没有明显的主题句，需概括主题4. Read the paragraph and chose a suitable a
12、nswer.CtypeThe position of the topic sentenceTypes of Topic Sentences开头结尾中间归纳中心思想Passage1 Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor“ help you create this life of good feelings.Her
13、es an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other
14、 hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? _ A.How to Live Truthfully B
15、.Importance of Peacefulness C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable ActionsDPassage2 (2012 课标全国，D )Grown-ups often surprised by how well they remember something they have learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who hasnt had a chance to go swimming for y
16、ears can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who hasnt thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “ Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or reme
