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1、虚拟语气一、什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、 假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。二、虚拟语气的应用1、虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：If I were you, I would go there.过去时would, should, could, might +动词原形注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.1) If he _ to do so, he could find the time.A. wants B. wanted C. would want D. has wanted3) If I _ a bird, I _
2、very happy.A. were, would be B. am, shall be C. am, would be D. were, shall beBA2）与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：1)If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film.2) If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to visit the Great Wall.3) If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.1）过去时woul
3、d, should, could, might +动词原形2）should + 动词原形3) were to + 动词原形1)If he _ in a day or two, I would wait for him.A. returns B. should have returnedC. were to return D. had returned2) I dont think he will attend the party. But if he _ the party, what would he wear?A. should attend B. would attend C. atte
4、nd D. had attendedCA3) 与过去事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：If he had come earlier, he would have seen her.had + 动词的过去分词would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词1)If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recovered already.A. followed B. would followC. follow D. had followed2) I didnt know Smith was coming until n
5、ow. If you had let me know yesterday, I _ to the airport to meet him.A. would have gone B. would goC. will have gone D. will goDA3) What _ last night if you _ to do your washing?A. would you do, hadnt hadB. would you have done, hadnt hadC. would you do, didnt haveD. would you have done, didnt have4)
6、 If I had hurried, the train _ .A. would catch B. would have caughtC. had caught D. would have been caughtBDHad I had time, I would have gone to see the film.=If I had had time, I would have gone to see the film.4）在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if ，但要 把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。_ today, he would get there on Friday.A.Was he l
7、eaving B. If he leavesC. Were he to leave D. If he is leavingCIf it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.注意：If引导的条件从句，不是全部都用虚拟语气 。如果从句的事实有可能发生，那么，它的主句和 从句的谓语动词的形式是：主为将，从为现。5）有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等词。1) But for your help, I couldnt have made such great progress i
8、n English.2) Without air, we couldnt live.3) If only the weather were fine.4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would have missed the train.以but for, without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式 和if的主句的一致。主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的 一致。1)_ their assistance, he would have to lead a very miserable l
9、ife, he might even starve to death.A. With B. But for C. Without for D. If not2) He did his best in everything, _ he would not have been what he was.A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but thatBC6) 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现 混合虚拟语气结构。1)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be well.2) If I were you I w
10、ould not have gone to see the film yesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表 示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的 形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。1)If I had studied English last year, I _ able to speak it now.A. could be B. could have beenC. should be D. would have been2) If you _ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry
11、 now.A. talked B. had talkedC. could talk D. were to talkDB1)She talked about America as if he had been born there.2) He sings as though he were a singer.2、由as if或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语 动词用过去式或had + 动词的过去分词。1) He appears as though he _ an Italian.A. were B. was C. has been D. be 2) It seems as if he _
12、 there yesterday.A. was B. were C. has been D. had beenAD3、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1）wish + 宾语从句1)I wish I were a doctor.2) I wish I should go abroad next year.3) I wish I had seen the football match.与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might + 动词原形。与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成 时。1) Did you
13、see Rose before she went to England?- No. I wish I _ her.A. see B. saw C. had seen D. should see2) Joe has three sisters, doesnt he?- No wonder he wishes he _ a brother.A. had B. will have C. have D. can have3) Maybe Paula will bring us good news about out tests.- I wish she _.A. does B. brings it C
14、. will D. wouldCAD2) suggest等 + 宾语从句。这类动词有：order, insist, demand, desire, command, propose, request等。1)The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week.2) The headmaster ordered that all of the students (should) be here on time.3) He insisted that we (should) attend t
15、he meeting.在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形， should可省略。注意：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语 气的情况。1)she insisted that she was right.2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的 宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从 句不能用虚拟语气。1)We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of the month.A. would pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid2) - Did your father go to New York?- No, his doctor suggested that he _.A. not go B. isnt going C. didnt go D.wont go3) His saying suggested he _ with her words.A. not agree B. didnt agreeC. hadnt agree D. doesnt agree BAB4) Ive heard that John wrote a l
