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1、Chinese Negative Transfer in Chinese-English InterpretationAbstractChinese negative transfer is an interference which proves to be an obstacle for Chinese learners of English as a second language , i.e., English L2 acquisition, resulting in error expressions of great discrepancy between C-E interpre
2、ters and native speakers of English. Chinese-English interpretation is a cross-linguistic activity with its own features, which is influenced by several factors, say, the habit of associating Chinese counterparts in speaking and writing English words or phrases. It is inevitable that negative transf
3、er will take place. Three levels of Chinese negative transfer in Chinese-English interpretation are analyzed in this thesis. They are lexical level, syntactic level and pragmatic level. They are illustrated with examples in order to find out the causes of the errors in Chinese-English interpretation
4、. Meanwhile, a case study is conducted to evidence the theory in this thesis.Key words: Chinese negative transfer, error, interpretationI. IntroductionLanguage transfer, which is also known as L1 interference or linguistic interference, is an important issue in second language acquisition. It usuall
5、y exerts an influence on speaking a second language. There are two types of transfer, positive and negative. Positive transfer facilitates second language acquisition due to the influence of cross-linguistic similarities, while negative transfer results in errors, overproduction, etc.Interpretation
6、is a cross-linguistic activity which will be influenced by the habit of using L1. It is inevitable that negative transfer will take place. On the other hand, interpretation is a special task for the reasons that the interpreters work under temporal pressure and need good memory, etc. Consequently, n
7、egative transfer happens more often than most of other relevant activities. In this thesis, the author focuses on the Chinese negative transfer (CNT) in Chinese-English interpretation (CEI). Related materials are provided in the thesis and analyzed, evidencing the theory of negative transfer in seco
8、nd language acquisition. With the features of interpretation taken into consideration, the thesis tries to analyze the CNT in CEI against data, collected from previous studies, in terms of three levels: lexical, syntactical, and semantic. Furthermore, a case study is conducted of the juniors and sen
9、iors in Foreign Languages School of Shaoguan University.Finally, some relevant strategies are suggested for the purpose of minimizing CNT and improving the quality of CEI.II. Basic Definitions2.1 C-E I and its Features It is necessary to introduce C-E I and its features here for the reason that the
10、interpretation is a special activity where CNT arises and the further discussion requires some basic information about it.2.1.1 Definition of C-E IInterpretation is not only “a form of translation in which a first and final rendition in another language is produced on the basis of a one-time present
11、ation of an utterance in a source language,” but also an activity “performed for the benefit of people who want to engage in communication across barriers of language and culture.” (Pochhacker, 2004: 10-11)Interpretation, a form of translation, is essentially a complex communicative act. For many, i
12、nterpretation is seemingly just an oral translation used in daily communication and therefore deals with simple expressions. But for interpreting service delivered at high levels, it is often applied for formal conferences, especially international conferences. It is easily understood that, in this
13、thesis, C-E I is a process of transferring Chinese to English in the oral form in order to convey the information.2.1.2 Process of C-E IThe process of interpretation is more than simplely one of decoding, coding, and encoding. According to Chen (2005), the interpreting process is as follows: Party A
14、 Interpreter Party BMeaning Code AVoice Array BCode BMeaningFigure 1. Process of Interpretation (in Chen, 2005)Figure 1 above shows that the process of interpretation involves five components, namely, input (i.e. Code A), decoding, memory (i.e. acquiring meaning), encoding, and output (i.e. Code B).
15、(A) InputInput is the first step in interpretation. What it means is that the interpreter extracts the words and sentences from the source language. It is very important that the interpreter should highly concentrate on the context from Party A in order to avoid missing information. (B) DecodingThe
16、process of decoding involves the shift from thinking in the source language to thinking in the target language. The interpreter “recognizes the meaning of sentence elements and the underlying logical relationship between them” and then “completes comprehension of the source language speech.” (Zhang, 2006: 3-4)(C) MemoryA qualified interpreter requires a good memory because it influences the result of Voice Array ADecoding, acquiring meaningVoice Array Cinte
