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1、Lesson Nine Contract LawDate1法律英语Contract Definition nA contract is basically an agreement between two or more people which creates an obligation to do, or not do, something. nThe agreement creates a legal relationship of rights and duties. nIf the agreement is broken, then the law provides certain
2、remedies. Date2法律英语Three FactorsnThere are three factors necessary to create a contract: n1) an offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. nOne party makes an offer, the second party must accept the offer and there must be consideration exchanged. Consideration has to be something of value.Date3法律英
3、语Example of ContractsnEmployment contractsnService ContractsnBuilding ConstructionnInsurance ContractsnContract involving real propertynSale of Intangibles(stocks, bonds, patents, copyrights,etc)Date4法律英语Contract lawnContract law covers the legal implications of a contract. For instance, contract la
4、w determines what is and is not consideration, whether a contract was actually intended, if the parties making the contract were legally competent, whether there was fraud or duress involved, or how a contract is terminated. Date5法律英语BackgroundnUniform Commercial CodenConsumer Protection StatutesnLa
5、bor LawnInsurance Law涉及合同问题Date6法律英语美国合同法由法律保证执行强制执行的限度法律补救方法Expectation damages 预期赔偿金Agreed upon remedies 补救协议Equitable relief 衡平救济Date7法律英语TEXTnContract an agreement between two or more persons.nNot merely a shared belief n不仅仅是共有的想法nA common understanding as to somethingn而且是对某些未来将要进行的事项有共同 的理解Date
6、8法律英语Contract nDocument nThe set of papers in which such agreement is set forth.n文件陈述契约的一系列文件。Date9法律英语For lawyers nContract - an agreement that has legal effect. n合同是具有法律效力的契约。nIt creates obligations for which some sort of legal enforcement will be available if performance is not forthcoming as pro
7、mised. n它设立了当不按约履行时，便可由某种 法律强制手段保证实施的义务。Date10法律英语Three elements in a transaction contractn1. The agreement-in-fact 事实协议n2. The agreement-in-written 书面协议n3. The set of rights and duties 一系列权利与义务Date11法律英语THE WAYS 订立协议和执行协议的方法The role of lawyers and judgesn1. In creating contractsn在制定合同中的作用；n2.in dec
8、iding disputes that may arise with respect to their performancen在裁决履行合同时可能出现争议时的作用；n3.in fashioning appropriate remedies for their breachn在形成对其违约的适当补救时的作用Date12法律英语Property nA great of thing are susceptible “ownership”Tangible 有形的 Intangible 无形的Date13法律英语Ring bulldozerGone with the windThe Empire St
9、ate BuildingDate14法律英语Rights n国家保护该“所有人”使用、享受乃至耗 费该物的权利，将所有其他人排除在这 种权利之外。Use Enjoy Consume Exclusion Date15法律英语Real property n不动产Land buildings动产personal propertyDate16法律英语http:/ property:nall land, structures, firmly attached and integrated equipment, anything growing on the land, and all “interest
10、s“ in the property.npersonal property (personalty) : nmovable assets (things, including animals) which are not real property, money or investments.Date17法律英语Less tangible property 不太有形的资产nCopyrights 版权nPatents 专利权nShares of corporate stock 公司股权nNegotiable instruments 票据权Date18法律英语Any social thatReco
11、gnizes property rightsAlso address the question of how it should respond when someone violates those rightsDate19法律英语nEven societies that do not permit private ownership of wealth to the degree that ours does are likely to recognize the personal rights of individuals to be free from certain kinds of
12、 conduct n即使是那些对财产私有权的许可没有达 到我们这种程序的社会，也会承认个人 的人身权利不受某种行为的侵犯。Date20法律英语certain kinds of conductn给人造成身体伤害n其他对个人自由或尊严的侵犯Infliction of physical injuryOther interferences with freedom or dignityDate21法律英语Criminal law vs. tort lawnCriminal law focuses in those violations of personal and property rights t
13、hat society deems serious enough to be deterred by the threat of severe punishment for their commissionTort law considers what remedy should be made to the individuals so injuredDate22法律英语Criminal lawtort lawoverlapTreason 判国罪 Tax evasion 偷税罪Slander 诽谤Date23法律英语Ownership of propertynInclude the righ
14、t to use and consume the thing ownedn所有权包括对属于自己的物品使用和耗费的权利nbe more to the advantage of the owner to transfer the right of the ownership to some other person in exchange for something else of valuen有时所有者以所有权与其他人交换有价值的东西 可能更有利。Date24法律英语Date25法律英语nAgreements for exchange are the means by which some re
15、sources are assembled and put to productive use.n交换的契约是将一些资源组合起来，使 之得到有效利用的手段。Date26法律英语nSome agreement for exchange call for the immediate and simultaneous exchange of money for goods and services. n有效交换契约要求现金与货物、服务的 立即和同时交换。Date27法律英语Exchange of significant size 涉及到大额交易时nBoth the planning and perf
16、ormance to be spread over a considerable period of timen交易的计划和履行都要经历相当长的 时间。Date28法律英语The law of contractsnLegal mechanism for protecting the expectations that arise from the making of agreements for the future exchange of various types of performance.n合同法是保护预期的法律机制，该预期 产生于就未来交易各类履行而制定的契 约。转让财产提供服务支付货币 Date29法律英语nLegal problems do not always fit neatly into the pigeonholes that legal
