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1、The Cranial NervesNames of cranial nervesn Olfactory nerve n Optic nerve n Oculomotor nerve n Trochlear nerven Trigeminal nerve n Abducent nerve n Facial nerve n Vestibulocochlear nerve n Glossopharyngeal nerven Vagus nerve n Accessory nerve n Hypoglossal nerveFunctional componentsnGeneral somatic a
2、fferent fibers (GSA): transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from head and face to somatic sensory nucleinSpecial somatic afferent fibers (SSA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of vision, equilibrium and hearing to the brain nGeneral visceral afferent fibers (GVA): tr
3、ansmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to the visceral sensory nucleinSpecial visceral afferent fibers (SVA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of smell and taste to the brain nGeneral somatic efferent fibers (GSE): innervate skeletal muscles of eye and tonguenSpecial visce
4、ral efferent fibers (SVE): transmit motor impulses from the brain to skeletal muscles derived from brachial (gill) arches of embryo. These include the muscles of mastication, facial expression and swallowingnGeneral visceral efferent fibers (GVE): transmit motor impulses from the general visceral mo
5、tor nuclei and relayed in parasympathetic ganglions. The postganglionic fibers supply cardiac muscles，smooth muscles and glandsClassification of cranial nervesnSensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibersqOlfactory nerve qOptic nerveq Vestibulocochlear nerve nMotor cranial nerves:
6、contain only efferent (motor) fibersq Oculomotor nerve q Trochlear nerve qAbducent nerve q Accessory nerv q Hypoglossal nervenMixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers- qTrigeminal nerve, q Facial nerve,qGlossopharyngeal nerveqVagus nerve Sensory cranial nervesN.Location of cell body and a
7、xon categoriesCranial exitTerminal nucleiMain actionOlfactory cells (SVA)Cribrifo m foraminaOlfactory bulbSmell Ganglion cells (SSA)Optic canalLateral geniculate bodyVision Vestibular ganglion(SSA)Internal acoustic meatusVestibular nucleiEquilibri umCochlear ganglion (SSA)Cochlear nucleiHearing Olfa
8、ctory nerveOlfactory mucosa (SVA) Cribriform foramina Olfactory bulbOptic nerveGanglion cell (SSA) Optic canal Lateral geniculate bodyMotor cranial nervesN. Nucleus of origin and axon categoriesCranial exitMain actionNucleus of oculomotor (GSE)Superior orbital fissureMotot to superior, inferior and
9、medial recti; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superioris Accessory nucleus of oculomotor (GVE)Parasympathetic to sphincter pupillea and ciliary muscl Nucleus of trochlear nerve (GSE)Superior orbital fissureMotor to superior obliquusNucleus of abducent nerve (GSE)Superior orbital fissureMotor to
10、 lateral rectus Nucleus of accessory nerve (SVE)Jugular foramen Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve( GSE)Hypoglossal canalMotot to muscles of tongueOculomotor nervenComponentsqGeneral somatic efferent fibers (GSE)qGeneral visceral efferent fibers (GVE)nMain action
11、supplies qSuperior, inferior and medial recti; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superiorisqSphincter pupillea and ciliary musclenCiliary ganglion: lies between optic nerve and lateral rectusOculomotor nerveAbducent nerveAccessory nerveOculamotor paralysisAbducent nerve injury Mixed cranial nerve
12、sTrigeminal nerveComponents of fibersnSVE fibers: originate from motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and supply masticatory musclesnGSA fibers: transmit facial sensation to sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve, the GSA fibers have their cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion, which lies on the apex of petr
13、ous part of temporal bone BranchesnOphthalmic nerve 眼神经 (1, sensory) leave the skull through the superior orbital fissure, to enter orbital cavitynBranchesqFrontal nerve额神经: nSupratrochlear nerve 滑车上神经nSupraorbital nerve 眶上神经qLacrimal nerve 泪腺神经qNasociliary nerve 鼻睫神经Distribution: nSensation from ce
14、rebral dura mater nVisual organ nMucosa of nose nSkin above the eye and back of noseMaxillary nerve 上颌神经(2, sensory) nLeave skull through foramen rotundum nBranchesqInfraorbital nerve 眶下神经qZygomatic nerve 颧神经qSuperior alveolar nerve 上牙槽神经qPterygopalatine nerve 翼腭神经Distribution: nSensation from cereb
15、ral dura mater nMaxillary teeth nMucosa of nose and mouth nSkin between eye and mouthMandibular nerve (3, mixed) 下颌神经nLeave the skull through the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossanBranchesqAuriculotemporal nerve 耳颞神经 qBuccal nerve 颊神经qLingual nerve 舌神经qInferior alveolar nerve下牙槽 神经 qNerve of masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌神经Distribution: nSensation from cerebral dura mater nTeeth and gum of lower jaw nMucosa of floor of mouthnAnterior 2/3 of tongue nSkin of auricular and temporal regions and below the mouth nMotor to masticatory muscles, mylohyoid, and anter
