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1、 6000 languages: an embattled heritagep 58p.57 Warm-up QuestionsvWhat causes are given to explain widespread language loss over the past 300 years?vWhat effects of widespread language loss are given?6000 languages: an embattled heritagevembattled 1 (of a place or people) involved in or prepared for
2、war, especially because surrounded by enemy forces 严阵以待的，投入战斗的vthe embattled Yugoslavian republics. v卷入战争的各南斯拉夫共和国。v2 (of a person) beset by problems or difficulties （ 人）处境艰难，四面楚歌vThe worst may not be over for the embattled Chancellor.v对于这位处境艰难的大臣来说，最糟糕的事情并没 结束。Minority language sidelinedvsideline 1
3、 cause (a player) to be unable to play in a team or game 使（运动员）无法参赛vAn ankle injury has sidelined him for two weeks.v踝部受伤使他停赛两周。v2 (figurative)remove from the centre of activity or attention; place in a less influential position (喻)使 靠边；使降格vMPs have been sidelined and excluded from decision-making.
4、v议员靠边站，无权决策。What causes are given to explain widespread language loss over the past 300 years?v1 paragraph 3 colonial conquestvcolony 1 country or area settled or conquered by people from another country and controlled by that country 殖民地va former British colony, eg Australia 前英国殖民地 （如澳大利亚）v2 group
5、of people from a foreign country living in a particular city or country with the same occupation, interest, etc living together in the same place 移民 群体; 侨民群体；住在同一地方有相同职业、 兴趣 等的人群vthe American colony in Paris 巴黎的美国人区.van artists colony 聚居的艺术家vcolonize v.殖民;移殖 conquest n.vconquer v. 1 take possession
6、of (sth) by force 以武力占领, 征服（某事物）vThe Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人於1066 年征服了英国.v2 gain the admiration, love, etc of 赢得vHe set out to conquer the literary world of London. v他决心赢得伦敦文学界的赞誉.vShe has conquered the hearts of many men, ie they have fallen in love with her. v她已使许多男子倾心.v3 defeat (an
7、 enemy, a rival, etc) 击败 （敌人、 对手等）(fig 比喻) overcome (an obstacle, emotion, etc) 克服（障碍、 情绪等）vYou must conquer your fear of driving. v你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理.2 paragraph 4 establish an official language in education, the media and the civil servicevThe rise of nation-states, whose territorial unity was closely
8、 linked to their linguistic homogeneity has aslo been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others.vterritorial of or relating to the ownership of an area of land or sea 领土的；领海的 vterritorial disputes 领土争端vterritorial integrity 领土完整homogeneity n.vhomogeneous adj. 1
9、 of the same kind; alike 同种的 ；相似的vIf all jobs and workers were homogeneous. v如果所有的工作和工人都相似。vconsisting of parts all of the same kind 由同种组成 的va homogeneous society. 由同一种族组成的社会。vhomo- 构词成分 the samevhomophone wordrd pronounced like another word but with a different meaning or spelling 同音异义词 , 同音异形词, 如
10、some, sum ; knew, new vhomosexual 同性恋的decisivev 1 having a particular, important or conclusive effect 有特殊、 重要或决定性效果的va decisive victory, battle, moment v决定性的胜利、 战役、 时刻vThe injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. v他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛决定胜负的因素.v2 having or showing the ability to d
11、ecide quickly 果 断的; 决断的va decisive person, answer, manner v果断的人、 回答、 方式consolidatev1 make (something) physically stronger or more solid 巩固；强化；使坚强；使结实vThe first phase of the project is to consolidate the outside walls. v工程的第一阶段是加固外墙。v2 reinforce or strengthen (ones position or power) 巩固，加强（位置，力量）vThe
12、 company consolidated its position in the international market. v公司巩固了它在国际市场上的地位。What causes are given to explain widespread language loss over the past 300 years?v3 paragraph 5 industrialization and scientific progressv4 paragraph 6 internationalization financial markets, the dissemination of infor
13、mation by electronic media,other aspects of globalizationvdisseminate : spread or disperse (something, especially information) widely 散布，传播vHealth authorities should foster good practice by disseminating information. v卫生部门应该通过散布信息的方法鼓励好的做法。What effects of widespread language loss are given?v1 paragr
14、aph 7 First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness.vcapacity 1 U ability to hold or contain sth 容纳某事 物的能力v a hall with a seating capacity of 2000 有2000个座 位的大厅v2 ability to produce, e
15、xperience, understand or learn sth 生产、 体会、 理解或学习的能力vShe has an enormous capacity for hard work. v她有苦干的巨大能力.vThis book is within the capacity of (ie can be understood by) younger readers. v这本书年轻的读者也能看懂.vparagraph 7 We would never be able to plumb the origins of human language or resolve the mystery o
16、f “the first language”vplumb n. 测水锤;垂直;锤vv. (a) test (sth) by using a plumb-line 用铅垂 线测（某物）v(b) (fig 比喻) (try to) understand(sth) thoroughly 探索, 探究（某事物）vplumb the mysteries of the universe v探索宇宙的奥秘.2 destruction of multiculturalismvmulti- 构词成分 having many of 有很多.的v multicoloured 多色的v a multimillionaire, ie a person having more than two million pounds, dollars, v a multiracial community, society, country, etc, ie with many d
