经济学英文选读第三讲

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1、经济学英文选读第三讲,经济学基础文献选读,经济学选读 陈通,经济学 英文,经济学学士 英文,计量经济学 英文,经济学学士学位 英文,微观经济学 英文,曼昆经济学原理英文版,宏观经济学 英文Thethirdchapter:DemandandconsumerbehaviorEUtilitydenotessatisfaction.Moreprecisely,itreferstohowconsumersrankdifferentgoodsandservices.Oftenitisconvenienttothinkofutilityasthesubjectivepleasureorusefulnesst

2、hatapersonderivesfromconsumingagoodorservice.Butyoushoulddefinitelyresisttheideathatutilityisapsychologicalfunctiortor:feelingthatcanbe6bserved-orfmeasured.Ratherutilityisascientificconstructthateconomistsuse-tounderstandhowrationalconsumersdividetheirlimitedresourcesamongthecommoditiesthatprovideth

3、emwithsatisfaction.2)Marginalutility重Give-afiexampletMarginalutilitydenotestheadditionalutilityarisingfromconsumptionofanadditionalunitofacommodity.Theexpression“marginal“isakeytermineconomicsandalwaysmeansextra.3)Thelawofdiminishingmarginaly盯As:theamountofagoodconsumedincreases;themarginalutilityof

4、thatgoodtendstodiminish:Accordingtothelawofdiminishingmarginalutility,asyouconsumemoreandmore,yourtotalutilitywillgrowataslowerandslowerrate.5门E沥1Marginalutility迅际效用Lawofdiminishingmarginallaw边际效用递减规律e相门LOrdinalutility序数效用Indifferencecurve无差异曲线Budgetline预算线ETable:utilityriseswithconsumptionQuantityo

5、fa-|TotalutilityMarginalutilitygoodconsDmed|(TU】(MU)(Q)(【L沥命河一,j273E9口口0720Figure:totalutilityandmarginalutilityMU人沥limarginalutilityTotalutility-riseswithconsumption,butitrisesatadecreasingrate,showingTobservationledearlyeconomiststoformulatethelawofdownward-slopingdemand.Totalutilityisthesumofallt

6、hemarginalutilitiesthatwereaddedfromthebeginning.TranslationDanieHBernoulliiamemberofabrilliantSwissfamilyofmathematicians,observedin1738thatpeopleactasifthedollartheystandtogaininafairbetisworthlesstothemthanthedollartheystandtolose.Thismeansthattheyareaversetoriskandthatsuccessivenewdollarsofwealthbringthemsmallerandsmallerincrementsoftrueutility.n口E述匹小式行动一在一种公平的赌博中,他们认为【i人0唐林用厉朐E园E医d余