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1、The Viking Expansion (8th 11th C)Scandinavian settlement in the eighth (dark red), ninth (red), tenth (orange) and eleventh (yellow) centuries. Green denotes areas subjected to frequent Viking raids. 1066, Norman Conquest William the Conqueror (1027-1087; 1066-1087). Duke of Normandy; King of Englan
2、d. Before the conquest of England, he was known as “William the Bastard“ because of the illegitimacy of his birth. 1066, William conquered England and was crowned as William the First of England. His reign, which brought Norman culture to England, had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of E
3、ngland in the Middle Ages. In addition to political changes, his reign also saw changes to English law, a program of building and fortification, changes to the vocabulary of the English language, and the introduction of continental European feudalism into England.English words origin 6. Wales Kingdo
4、m of England 1267, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by English king. 1400-1405, Owain Glyndwr led an unsuccessful rising against the English. 1535-1542, the Laws in Wales Act under King Henry VIII: annexed Wales to the legal system of England. - The Law of England applied to
5、both England and Wales. - English the only language for official purpose. - Exclusion of Welsh people from formal office. - Wales was brought into Kingdom of England legally, administratively and politically: KE (1536-1801).7. KE KGB Anglo-Scotish Conflict: frequent wars. - Shakespeares play Macbeth
6、: king of Scotland. One of 4 tragedies. - 1298,William Wallaces uprising: Hollywood movie “Braveheart”. - 1314, Robert the Bruce: the Battle of Bannockburn. Scotland gained its full independence. 1603, Queen Elizabeth I died, King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England, uniting the two
7、thrones, maintaining separate political identity. - King James: “(Eng. and Scot. should) join together in a sincere and perfect union, as two twins bred in one belly” 1707, Act of Union under Queen Anne, Eng/Wales + Scot Kingdom of Great Britain (1707-1801) with one parliament. - Separate legal syst
8、ems, banking systems, Church (Presbyterian Anglican), education systems. - Benefit for the Scots: free trade, British overseas colonies. - Benefit for the Eng.: a potential enemy an ally.UK: Religion Prehistoric period: Celtic peoples, paganism 异教（polytheistic religious traditions）. 750 BC-1 AD: Ang
9、lo, Saxon, Jutes, Germanic paganism. 3-4 AD: introduction of Christianity by the Romans. 43 410 AD: Roman imperial expansion, Greco-Roman religion, polytheism.UK: Religion 16th C: English Reformation. Henry VIII: Failed marriage annulment attempt. 1534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry “supreme head i
10、n earth of the Church of England“ . In name, the monarch is the religious leader. Church of England = Anglicanism = EpiscopalianismUK: “Do you regard yourself as belonging to any particular religion? IF YES: Which?” UK: Religion BelieversUK: Religion Prehistoric period: Celtic peoples, paganism 异教（p
11、olytheistic religious traditions）. 750 BC-1 AD: Anglo, Saxon, Jutes, Germanic paganism. 3-4 AD: introduction of Christianity by the Romans. 43 410 AD: Roman imperial expansion, Greco-Roman religion, polytheism.UK: Religion 16th C: English Reformation. Henry VIII: Failed marriage annulment attempt. 1
12、534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry “supreme head in earth of the Church of England“ . In name, the monarch is the religious leader. Church of England = Anglicanism = EpiscopalianismUK: “Do you regard yourself as belonging to any particular religion? IF YES: Which?” US: Religion Plurality of religio
13、us preference by state, 2001. UK: Religion Christianity remains the majority religion. Cf. Ire. US, Ca, Oz, NZ But it is on the decline. a steady drop in the number of churchgoers 10%, a continuous trend of secularization Important role in education 30% of state-funded schools are faith school.UK: R
14、eligion Prehistoric period: Celtic peoples, paganism 异教（polytheistic religious traditions）. 750 BC-1 AD: Anglo, Saxon, Jutes, Germanic paganism. 3-4 AD: introduction of Christianity by the Romans. 43 410 AD: Roman imperial expansion, Greco-Roman religion, polytheism.UK: Religion 16th C: English Refo
15、rmation. Henry VIII: Failed marriage annulment attempt. 1534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry “supreme head in earth of the Church of England“ . In name, the monarch is the religious leader. Church of England = Anglicanism = EpiscopalianismUK: “Do you regard yourself as belonging to any particular religion? IF YES: Which?” UK: Religion Prehistoric period: Celtic peoples, paganism 异教（polytheistic religious traditions）. 750 BC-1 AD: Anglo, Saxon, Jutes, Germanic paganism. 3-4 AD: introduction of Christianity by the Romans. 43 410 AD: Roman imperial expansion, Greco-Roman religion, polyth
