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1、Chapter V The Confederation and the ConstitutionEstablishment of the ConstitutionEnlarge and strengthen the territoryEstablishment of the Constitution1. The first stage- Articles of Confederation2. The second stage -Constitutional Convention3. The third stage -Ratification Issue1.The first stage-Art
2、icles of Confederation(邦联公约）1) Time: 1778-1781 (Maryland was the last state which signed the Article.)2) Definition of confederation: It is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to re
3、gulate the conduct of individuals.3) The function of the governmentcentral government (the Congress)-conduct war and foreign affairsmake commercial treatiesnegotiate with the Indiansborrow and coin moneyissue bills of creditconsisted of only a legislaturestate government-deal with foreign government
4、s and engage in war with Congresss consentborrow, maintain mintsissue bills of credithas sole right to legislate in matters concerning debts, contracts and family affairsthe changes or amendments of the Articles need the consent of every state4.The flaw and influence of the Article1)The Articles for
5、med a very loose union of states within the framework of a central government-couldnt serve the American capitalists and landlords well.2) Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts in 1786-they need a strong and powerful national government . 2.The second stage-the constitutional convention（制宪会议） 1. Time: On
6、 May 25, 1787- Sep. 17, 1787 2. place: in Independence Hall in Philadelphia 3. people: Washington presided over theconvention;James Madison was called the Father of the Constitution;fifty-five delegates from all the states except Rhode Island, 4. Their discussion:between strong government and govern
7、ment limited in freedombetween national and authoritybetween the interests of the large states and those of the smaller ones 5. Result:the new governmental structure-the three powers divisionlegislative-Congressexecutive-Presidentjudicial-Supreme Court the new government could “make all laws which s
8、hall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States.”3. The third stage-On the Ratification Issue Two sides Federalists: support Antifederalists: oppose 2) Result : In June 1788, when N
9、ew Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify, the Constitution came into effect.3) Amendments for ConstitutionIn 1791, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights were approved;(人权法案）On May 18, 1992, the 27th Amendment was adopted. 4) The new governmentWashington-the first pres
10、ident of the USJohn Adam-was the vice-presidentAlexander Hamilton-Secretary of TreasuryThomas Jefferson- Secretary of StateEnlarge and Strengthen the Territory- -westward movement 1. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 2. The War of 1812-the second War of Independence (1812-1814) 3. Monroe Doctrine(1823)
11、4. The U.S mainland was completed as we know today.The Mississippi Delta of Louisiana State (密西西比三 角洲，路易 斯安纳州）1. The Louisiana Purchasebackground-1) In 1780s, the American government passed some laws to encourage people to move to frontier region between the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers;2) New Orlean
12、s the port city, was very important to American farmers settling West of Appalachians.the Procedure of Purchase:1) the related people:James Monroe: American statesman. He fought in the War of Independence. After the War he studied law under Thomas Jefferson. He was Minister to France(1794- 1796), th
13、e Secretary of State (18111817).Jefferson: the third president, the first Secretary of State2) procedureEarly in 1803, American accepted the price of $15,000,000 for Louisiana and New Orleans.On May 2, 1803, they signed the treaty transferring Louisiana to the U.S.Instructive:It doubled the area of
14、the country and was the largest real estate deal in the U.S history.2. The war of 1812-the Second War of Independence in American historybackground: 1) purchasing and exploring Louisiana2) not reconciling to the loss of British 13 coloniesdirect reason:In 1807 P55American responses:1) Jefferson pers
15、uaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act-2) In 1812, James Madison, the fourth president of the U.S, asked Congress to declare war on Britain.result:1) America win another victory over the British; and signed the Treaty of Ghent根特和约;2) It strengthened the American unity and patriotism;3) The U.S was able to effect the change of a semicolonial economy into a really independent national economy.3. Monroe Doctrine (门罗宣言）time: 1823about Monroe: He was the 5th US president.his contribution: 1) bought Florida from Spain in 18192) resolved the problem of the admission of
