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1、Welcome to English Grammar ClassChapter 1 General Introduction Before learning grammar, please think over and answer the following questions: 1.What is grammar? How do you understand it? 2.Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? Why or why not? 3.How many parts of speech (词类)are there in En
2、glish? 4.What are Notional words (实词)and Form words(虚词)? 5.由短语构成的词类有几种? 6.什么是短语(词组)? 短语分为多少类? 7.句子的主要成份有哪些？8.How many types of sentence?Answers to the questions: Grammar-a study of the organization of language Grammar 词法 (Morphology)句法（ Syntax） 词法-研究词形变化的部分。如名词的数、格， 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，动词的时态、 语态等都属于词法范围。
3、 句法-研究句子结构的部分。如句子的成分、语 序以及句子种类等都属于句法范围。语法图表 词法：名词（单、复数，所有格）数词（基数词、序数词、分数词）动词（时态、语态、语气）形容词（原级、比较级、最高级）副词（原级、比较级、最高级） 十大词类 代词（人称、物主、指示、疑问、关 系等） 介词（简单、合成、成语介词）冠词（定冠词、不定冠词）连词（并列连词、从属连词）感叹词句子的主要成份-主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语 句子种类:陈述句 (declarative sentence) 按功能划分 祈使句 (imperative sentence)感叹句 (exclamatory sentence)疑
4、问句 (interrogative sentence)一般疑问句(general question)疑问句 特殊疑问句(special)选择疑问句(alternative)反意疑问句(disjunctive)简单句 (simple sentence)按结构划分 并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (complex sentence)Chapter 2 Word Formation转化-词形不变，由一种词类转化为另一词类，如book(书n.)-(订购v.) 派生-通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，如happy-unhappy work-worker合成-由两个或更多的词合成一个词，
5、如first+class first-class hard-workingduty-free forget-me-not(课间休息,请欣赏)卡萨布兰卡fell in love with you watching Casablanca Back row of the drive-in show in the flickering light Popcorn and cokes beneath the stars became champagne and caviar Making love on a long hot summers night I thought you fell in lov
6、e with me watching Casablanca Holding hands neath the paddle fans in Ricks candlelit cafe Hiding in the shadows from the spots Moroccan moonlight in your eyes Making magic at the movies in my old Chevrolet Oh! A kiss is still a kiss in Casablanca But a kiss is not a kiss without your sigh Please com
7、e back to me in Casablanca I love you more and more each day as time goes by I guess therere many broken hearts in Casablanca You know Ive never really been there So, I dont know I guess our love story will never be seen on the big wide silver screen But it hurt just as bad when I had to watch you g
8、o I love you more and more each day as time goes byPractice 说出下列词属于哪种构词法Sunflower, triangular, bottleneck, television, mini-computer, deadline, boyish, dorm, WHO, entrance, break-through, ad. brunch, monthly, superman, women-teachers.要点: 1.转化(功能转换)常见情况v. n. 也有： v. adj.n. v. n. adj.adj. v. n. adv.adv
9、. v. num. v.adj. n.另有： v. n. (词形不变，重音改变) record, research2派生（derivation） 加前缀一般不改变词类，只改变词意。 但前缀en-, be-, a- 可以和名词或形容词构成动词。 加后缀通常只改变词类，词意不变。 3.合成主要类型： attribute （定语）合成形容词 （compound adj.）Predicative （表语）Subject （主语）合成名词 (compound n.)Object （宾语） 一些次要的构词法 1) Clipping / Shortening-截短法 / 缩短法 2) Blending-混合
10、法 3) Initial letters and acronyms 缩写词和首字母缩略词 4) trade name, load words 商标名； 外来词Practice Give the full form of each of the followingad flu lab dorm fridge Complete the sentences by giving compound nouns 1.She makes dresses. She is a . 2.The machine washed clothes. It is a . 3.He likes to collect stam
11、ps. He is interested in . Assignment: 熟记含有否定意义的前缀及表示特定意思的前缀（课本24-31页）Homework: Tell how the underlined words in these sentences have been converted. Eg. (v. n.) 1.Slow ( )down before you reach the crossroads. 2.He pocketed ( )his change and left. 3.The gang of four wronged( ) a lot of innocents( ).
12、4.He was admitted to the university after a three-year wait( ). 5.Many of his friends backed( ) his plan. Complete the sentences by adding prefixes 1.If a person is against pollution, then he is pollution. 2.This happened after the war. It was a war event. 3.He used the machine too much. He used the
13、 machine.4.That country has not been fully developed. It is developed.5.Last week he made his house larger. He larged hishouse.6.He spelt the word incorrectly. He spelt the word.7.They were husband and wife before. She is his wife.Assignment: 熟记含有否定意义的前缀及表示特定意思的 前缀（课本24-31页）Chapter 3 Nouns 名词 一、名词的种
14、类及复数变化专有名词(proper n.) (不可数)名词 个体名词 (可数名词)普通名词 集体名词(common n.) 物质名词 (不可数名词)抽象名词 加-s books teachers(基本)sz加-es boxes buses iz heroes z 名词的复数变化： 把 “y”改 “i”再加es factories iz改f/fe为v加es wifewives vz roofs chiefs safes fs不变 deer sheep特殊变化 child-children二、名词的数、格、性1名词的数（number）补充：外来语的复数形式：1）词尾 is es basis bases crisis crises2) 词尾 on a phenomenon phenomena3) 词尾 um a datum data medium med
