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1、1.3 What is a processor1. interpret v. 解释interpreted language 解释语言interpreter 解释程序比较compile v. 编译2. operation 操作，运算operation code 操作码 operand 操作数 operator 运算符To translate a statement or instruction into executable form and then execute it.将一条语句或指令翻译成 可执行的形式，然后执行 。 To translate all the source code of
2、 a program from a high-level language into object code prior to execution of the program. 在程序运行前，把用高级 语言编写的程序源代码翻 译成目标代码。 1operating system 操作系统operator associativity 运算符结合性operator precedence 运算符优先级3. high-level language 高级语言low-level language 低级语言 assembly language 汇编语言 4. retrieve 检索 25. timer 定时
3、器time bomb 定时炸弹time-division multiplexing 时分多路复用time out ( timeout time-out ) 超时timesharing 分时技术6. release 释放；发布To relinquish control of a block of memory, a device, or another system resource to the operating system.放弃一块内存、一台 设备或另一个系统资源控制权，交予操作系统。To formally make a product available to the marketpl
4、ace.正式 将某一产品投放到市场。A feature often built into evaluation versions of software that renders the software unusable after a certain period of time.一种通 常放在测试版的软件中的功 能部件，经过一段是指定的 时间后，它使该软件就不可 用了。37. pulse 脉冲PAM pulse amplitude modulation 脉冲幅度调制PCM pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调制PDM pulse duration modulation
5、脉冲宽度调制8. control unit 控制器，控制单元A transient signal,usually brief and with a discrete onset and offset.一种暂态信号，通常持续时间很短，且具有陡峭的上 升边和下降边。9. register 寄存器比较 registry 注册表410. ALU arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑单元arithmetic operation 算术运算add 加 addition 加法subtract 减 subtraction 减法multiply 乘 multiplication 乘法div
6、ide 除 division 除法11. compare 比较比较 compatibility 兼容性512. current 电流current directory 当前目录61.4 Memory system1. latency 等待时间The time required for a signal to travel from one point on a network to another.信号从网络中一点传播到另一点所需 的时间。 2. semiconductor 半导体conductor 导体nonconductor 绝缘体(同 insulator)73. magnetic a.
7、磁magnetic disk 磁盘magnetic field 磁场magnetic head 磁头magnetic tape 磁带4. hierarchical a. 分层，分级，层次hierarchical database 层次(型)数据库比较 hierarchy n. 分层分级结构85. cache 高速缓冲区cache memory 高速缓冲存储器A special memory subsystem in which frequently used data values are duplicated for quick access. 一种专用的内存子系统，其中存放着那些被频繁使用
8、的数 据以便于快速访问。6. bandwidth 带宽The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that an analog communications system can pass.模拟通信系统可以通过的最高频率和最低频率之差。97. virtual a. 虚拟VM virtual memory 虚拟存储器virtual address 虚地址virtual hosting 虚拟主机virtual reality 虚拟现实8. reference n. 引用To access a variable, such as
9、 an element in an array or a field in a record.访问一个变量，诸如数组中的一个元素或记录中的一 个字段。109. interface 接口interface adapter 接口适配器比较 interference 干扰10. page 页page frame 页帧page setup 页面设置A fixed-size block of memory.内存中的一种固定长度的块。1111. DRAM 动态RAMdynamic RAM比较 static RAM 静态RAM12. allocation (资源)分配比较 location 存储单元In o
10、perating systems, the process of reserving memory for use by a program.在操作系统中，为某个程序保留内存以供使用的做法 。1213. equation 等式expansion slot 扩展槽A mathematical statement that indicates equality with the use of an equal sign (=) between two expressions 一种用等号(=)连接两个表达式以表示它们相等的数学 语句。14. block 块；内存块15. slot 槽1316. de
11、lay 延迟比较 ROM- read only memory 只读存储器EEPROM-electrically erasable programmableROM 电可擦可编程ROMEPROM- erasable programmable ROM 可擦可编程ROMPROM - programmable ROM 可编程ROM17. RAM - random access memory 随机(存取)存储器14Types of integrated circuit SSI: small-scale intrgration 小规模集成MSI: medium-scale intrgration 中规模集成
12、LSI: large-scale intrgration 大规模集成VLSI: very-large-scale intrgration 极大规模集成ULSI: ultra-large-scale intrgration 超大规模集成18. chip 芯片比较 integrated circuit 集成电路1519. sequence 序列sequential access 顺序存取法sequential execution 顺序执行sequential search 顺序查找20. hardwired 硬连线Built into a system using hardware such as
13、 logic circuits, rather than accomplished through programming. 指使用像逻辑电路这样的硬件而不是通过软件编程的 方式建立一个系统的特性。16Hard disk 硬盘Hard return 硬回车Hardware 硬件比较 soft 软21. ROM BIOS 存于ROM的基本输入输出系统On PC-compatible computers, the set of essential software routines that tests hardware at startup,starts the operating system
14、, and supports the transfer of data among hardware devices.在PC兼容计算机上的一组基本软件例程，这些程序在计算 机开机时测试硬件，启动操作系统，支持硬件设备之间的 数据传输。1722. boot n. v. 引导，启动 ( = boot up) bootable disk 引导盘boot failure 引导失败23. optical disk 光碟盘 (同 compact disk)optical drive 光驱 optical fiber 光纤optical scanner 光学扫描仪1824. laser 激光器(light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation )Laser printer 激光打印机Laser storage 激光存储25. WORM 一些多读光碟盘 (write once read many)比较 worm 蠕虫(病毒程序)26. erase 擦除To remove data permanently from a storage medium.从存储介质中将数据永久消除。19
