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1、现代安全管理技术现代安全管理技术 与跨国石油公司与跨国石油公司 (BP) (BP) 的的 HSE HSE 管理介绍管理介绍开始之前 Introduce yourself自我介绍 Course disciplines课间要求开始之前1. 现代安全管理十大理念2. BP 八条黄金规则3. 高级安全审核4. 事故调查与根源分析课程安排This event and the Bhopal disaster triggered the development of the PSM standardPhillips 66 Houston Chemical ComplexOn October 23, 1989
2、, at approximately 1:00 p.m., an explosion and fire ripped through the Phillips 66 Company Houston Chemical Complex in Pasadena, Texas. Twenty-three workers were killed and more than 130 were injured. Property damage was nearly three-quarters of a billion dollars. The accident resulted from a releas
3、e of extremely flammable process gases that occurred during regular maintenance operations on one of the plants polyethylene reactors. The evidence showed that more than 85,000 pounds of highly flammable gases were released through an open valve. A vapor cloud formed and traveled rapidly through the
4、 polyethylene plant. Within 90 to 120 seconds, the vapor cloud came into contact with an ignition source and exploded with the force of 2.4 tons of TNT.Example-Texas City 美国德克萨斯A competitors perspectiveBP AMOCO EXPLOSION MARCH 05 BP 阿莫科化工厂大爆炸15 人死亡 100 受伤 30 公众人员受伤 8 重伤化工厂基本概况工厂位于德克萨斯城，距离休斯顿东南35公里BP
5、 AMOCO 化工厂占地120亩，包括30 化工装置，建厂已71 历史。BP 全球最大的化工厂，是美国第三大化工厂。Explosion was a believed to be the result of an Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion from a release of Benzene/Heptane from a Raffinate Splitter on a 180 kL/hr Isomerisation Unit. The unit was being started up after a 2 week shutdown for reactor
6、 repairs. 12 months earlier an explosion on startup had also occurred with no injuries.Exact quantities of hydrocarbon involved have not been determined as yet.This photographer captured a “before” and “after” photograph of the initial blast. About 375 employees of contracting firms Jacobs and JE Me
7、rit were doing shutdown maintenance work at an Ultracracker unit near the Isomerisation unit when the blast occurred. They were not working on the Isomerisation unit.Most of the damage to the process unit was thermal (from the fire which ensued after the explosion).“The fire was extinguished by nigh
8、tfall. A portion of the plant was reduced to a pile of smouldering, gnarled metal” (L.A. Times)Of those killed, 11 worked for companies servicing a different part of the Refinery entirely.This photo shows the temporary offices at the bottom, and a storehouse near the top of the photo. Several people
9、 died in this “temporary office trailer” which was used for Safety Briefings, Progress Meetings, and Consultation among Supervisors. The temporary offices was within 50 metres of the blast zoneThe decision “on where to place such trailers would be a big part of the investigation, Im sure” BP Spokesm
10、an Bill Stevens (NY Times)Chemical Safety and Hazard Board Investigator John Bresland “noted two blast-proof control rooms at the site suffered minimal damage” (Houston Chronicle)It is believed that a car being started may have provided the source of ignition for the explosive vapour cloudThe heat f
11、rom the fire was so intense that several cars in the nearby parking lot exploded into flames.Pedro Albaladejo (spare parts dealership nearby) said “the explosion sounded like a bomb going off”.This picture shows the initial blast damage to the Storehouse, adjacent to the portable offices.The initial
12、 blast appears to have been the cause of most of the loss of life and equipment damage. Internal damage to buildings for up to 8 kms was experienced. Ceilings were damaged in offices.The blast “ forced schoolchildren to cower under their desks” (Wires)Windows were blown in At local homes several kms
13、 away, and windows were rattled up to 8 kms away.The total cost of this incident is expected to reach $US 1 BillionLessons Learned 教训uManagement of Changes 变更管理uEmergency Preparedness 应急响应uOperator Training 作业培训uProcedural Development 制定程序uPermit Systems 作业许可MOC- Its not enough to just have a system
14、 to manage changes. The system has to be alive and well. At the first suggestion of a procedural change, the system should have been triggered. Audit your own programs to ensure your managing changes (this includes equipment, procedures even manpower issues) Emergency Preparedness- Review your emerg
15、ency operating procedures-do they cover all the credible events. (PHAs should cover this in detail and flush out the deficiencies) Operator training - Is the training adequate. Do operators know the true hazards of the process theyre operating. What about responding to upsets and unusual operating c
16、onditions. Procedures-Are they current and accurate? Have they been effectively communicated to operations? Permit Systems- If you dont have them, develop them. In this case the system was seriously flawed. It was acknowledged that drum parameters were adequate for unheading when they really had no way of knowing the temperature现代安全管理的十大理念理念 1：系统根源 员工不安全行为、工作环境中不安全状态和事故的发生，都是安全管理系统存在缺陷的表现/征兆。现代安全管理的十大理念例如：员工使用扳手时不小心伤着手指这一事故，
