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1、独立主格-ing和过去分词在句中都要有逻辑主语,如：Standing in the front of the classroom，I feel nervous.Criticized by the teacher , I feel depressed.但有时它们在句中找不到自己的逻辑主语,而它们一定 要有逻辑主语，这时它们的逻辑主语就和句子的主语不 一致了，如：Standing in the front of the classroom，my legs are shaking.I standing in the front of the classroom，my legs are shaking
2、.这就构成了独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于-ing和 过去分词之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主 格在句中一般只作状语,而-ing和过去分词用哪种形式, 则要根据它们的逻辑主语和其所表示的动作的主被动关 系来定如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 注意：独立主格中的being或having been常可省去,如 :The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 另外：独
3、立主格可用with复合结构来代替，其实，独立 主格前加上with就构成with复合结构，with复合结构去 掉with就构成独立主格。She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. 独立主格She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. with复合结构独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词 1 The test finished, we began our holiday. 2 Weather permitting, we are going to visi
4、t you tomorrow. 名词(代词)+形容词 3 He came into the room, his ears red with cold.名词(代词) +介词短语构成 4 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.1._,we went home. A. Our homework finished B. Our homework having been finished C. Our homework finishing D. Our homework been finished 2.Time _,we shall
5、 visit the zoo. A.been permitting, B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted 3 _, he put on his coat. A. It being cold B. It is cold C. Being cold D. It having been cold典型例题： Weather_, well go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号
6、，且we 小写，可知不是两个简单句。 可以断定，本句使用的是独立主格， 其结构为：名词+ 分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动,用 现在分词，故选B。注意，可将此句改为条件句，即If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 看一看 1 The test finished, we began our holiday.= Because/After the test was finished, we began our holiday.2 This done, we went home. = Because/After this had been done , we went home.
