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1、阅读理解试题分析与答题技巧( 二) 主旨大意型 1 1一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理 解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章 的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境 特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文 章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要 求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理 等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层 次题。2 2二、题干表现形式 ： 1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutThe passage is mainly discussesWhich of
2、 the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about? 2). 目的类主旨大意题The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to .The purpose of this article is to 3). 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might beThe best title for t
3、he passage would be 3 3三、应试 技巧一、主题句的特点 主题句所表达的意思具有概括性 句子结构简单明了, 作者一般不会采用长句或结构 复杂的句子作为文章的主题句 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解 释,说明,论证或扩展. 4 4应试技巧 如何寻找主 题句 Passage 1The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscas
4、ts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.）文首）文首开门见山 开门见山, ,提出主题提出主题, ,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释, , 支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表 达的主题思想达的主题思想. . 最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式. .5 5Passage 2Today the problem of environment has become more and
5、more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.Man has ma
6、de great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to real
7、ize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.6 6 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites tha
8、t led me to the career. “ she said “ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.2). 首尾呼应 为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出 主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通 常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面 的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味7 7 A human body appears to be rather soft and delicat
9、e, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he
10、 can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him
11、. 3). 文尾 在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结 果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写 作方式 8 8Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the
12、 back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.4). 文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述 的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一 步的解释, 支撑或发展.9 95). 无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句 . 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行 全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东 西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既 不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛 ，要恰
13、如其分。 1010Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation l
14、awyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实 。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details
15、综合起来，进行逻辑推 理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了 Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过 良好的教育，所以答案是 11116). 注意标 志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标 志性的提示后. On the whole, in short, therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above, I would support the idea thatFor all the rea
16、sons mentioned above, I would prefer 1212应试技巧三、选项分析 正确选项的特点l含有抽象名词和概括性词语. 四个选项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等 词的选项一般是正确选项.l四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是 正确选项l那些概括全文, 内容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答 案项, 而选项内容片面, 单一的内容一般是错误选项. 1313错误选项的特点l以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论 述的话.l过于笼统. 即归
