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1、 Edgar Allan Poe 坡(18091849) E.A. Poe (18091849) Poes motherEdgar Allan Poe（18091849）埃德加.爱伦.坡 Part I. Life Experience Part II Literary Position Part III. Major Works Part IV. Point of View Part V. Style Part VI. Appreciation This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before h
2、is deathLife Experience A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appoi
3、ntment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old
4、 cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his lifeEdgar Allan Poe (1809-Edgar Allan Poe (1809- 1849)1849)“ “我经常沉湎杯中物，但喝我经常沉湎杯中物，但喝酒并没使我感到半点儿乐酒并没使我感到半点儿乐 趣。我不惜生命和名声，趣。我不惜生命和名声，不顾理智，一味喝酒，并不顾理智，一味喝酒，并非追求乐趣，而是竭力逃非追求乐趣，而是竭力逃避令人痛苦的回忆，逃避避令人痛苦
5、的回忆，逃避无法忍受的孤寂，逃避迫无法忍受的孤寂，逃避迫在眼前的大限。在眼前的大限。” ” A bitter and mysterious death: in 1847, wife died of tuberculosis, in 1849, died in mysterious circumstancesLife Experience a miserable childhoodwas adopted by John Allan an unhappy relationship entered the University but didnt finish went to West Point
6、but was dismissedat 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849 Part II. Poes literary positionForerunner of western decadent literature Forerunner of aesthetic literature Explorer of abnormal psychology Father of psychoan
7、alytic criticism Path-breaker of American detective novel Father of modern short storyHis position Poes position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on “the heresy of the didactic” and his call for “t
8、he rhythmical creation of beauty” have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of “art for arts sake”. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story. Edgar Allan Poe Poes literary contribution Aestheticism Principle of beauty Princip
9、le of unity and concentration Careful choice of diction for desired effect (the musical effect of words themselves) Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and moral suggestions “Pure poetry” or “pure art” Unity of effect and atmosphere; content in service of artistic effectComments on P
10、oe Edgar Allan Poe is the most controversial and the most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature. “我不在乎我的作品是 现在被人读还是由子孙 后代来读。我可以花一 个世纪来等待读者。”Edgar Allan Poe Emerson dismissed him in three words “the jingle man” (打油诗人)，Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable. And W
11、hitman was the only famous literary figure present at the Poe Memorial Ceremony in 1875. Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821- 1867) and Mallarm.In America Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy) Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable. Henry James: “an enthusiasm for Poe
12、 is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development” Whitman: admit Poes genius, but it was “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (terrible) T. S. Eliot: a critic of the first rank, but with “slipshod writing” (careless)Reasons for Misunderstanding 1) As a perceptive critic, he wrot
13、e some scathing criticisms on distinguished literary figures. 2) His literary executor sullied his reputation after his death.In Europe George Bernard Shaw: “the greatest journalistic critic of his time” His poetry is “exquisitely refined”. His tales are “complete works of art”. Baudelaire: “Edgar P
14、oe, who isnt much in America, must become a great man in France.” 柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽 的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的 脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独辟蹊径 ，那他就可以感到心满意足了。” 凡尔纳：“他肯定会有模仿者，有人会试图超 越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许多自以 为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提 并论。” 肖伯纳：“它们不仅仅是一篇篇小说，而完全 是一件件艺术品。”Poe enjoyed respect and welcome in EuropeHis reputation w
15、as first made in France Today, his works are read with appreciation and understanding. Poes influence was considerable in Spain, Italy, Germany and Russia. Poe was the first American writer who formulized the technique of the short story. In pursuit of the totality of effect through compression, immediacy and finality, Poe invented the genre of the detective story and developed a new fiction of psychological analysis. Poe has thus often been considered as the father of the modern short story.Part III. Major Works Famous American
