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1、-精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 1 国际学术会议发言(精选多篇)以单一元素作为议题而举行的国际 研讨会，硒是最早的，也是唯一的一个， 每五年举办一次，至今已召开八届。其 中，第三届和第六届都在中国北京举办； 2014 年，第八届“硒在生物医药中的应 用”国际会议在美国威斯康星大学隆重 召开，纳米硒是本届硒全球大会来自中 国的唯一参展商。由此可见硒对人体健 康的重要性。硒在人体中的作用是广谱的。迄 今为止，已知人类有 490 余种疾病与缺 硒有直接关系。人们把硒称为“明星营 养素”、 “抗癌之王”等等，国际上发表的 硒的生物医学研究科学论文已经超过一 万篇，是其他微量元素
2、所不能比拟的。-精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 2 1. prologuethank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction. i am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farmers choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as
3、 follows. the first part i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choice model .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a simple conclusion is given.2. introductionwell, lets
4、move on the first part of this topic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for example , farmers deciding sell a -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 3 particular crop to whom base their de
5、cisions not only on the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets.i want to use a picture to illustrate it. for example, given some market channels, farmers choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and th
6、e additional costs that related to transacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and
7、 production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters choices.-精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 4 3. methodologylets move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer needs to allocat
8、e the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q , q means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much pro
9、ducts to be transacted in market. here we use three ccc means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product,z ?suggests the fluctuation of c. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?
10、c?, q means the amount of -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 5 agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel js market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers
11、negotiating power.pij?p*j?bbesides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ? ik ?and then farmers choice can be expressed in a typical choice modelexppr?1 exp? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers channel choice .here, we set five types .they
12、rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 6 choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly.4. data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. according to the agricultural regionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain tw
