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1、现在完成时是中考的必考时态， 由于现在完成时既涉及到过去， 又联系到现在，和一般过去时， 一般现在时，现在进行时既有联 系，又有区别，所以同学们掌握 起来比较困难。助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词1、has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其 他所有人称。2、否定式 :在have/ has后加not疑问式：把have / has 提前3、规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相 同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。forget teach-catch- pay-begin- know-rise- grow-wear- write-writtengrownpaidknowntaughtwornri
2、senbeguncaughtforgotten1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现 在造成的影响或结果(汉语中常用“已经”、“过 ”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时 间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等 状语连用。例如：I have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿)I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响， 电影的内容已经知道了 ）此时：瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时一般过去时与现在完成时之比较一般过去时与现在完成时之比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过 去的事情，强调
3、动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在 完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。 ） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内 容已经知道了) 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成 时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语 。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, ne
4、ver, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语 。）2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现 在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要 通过一段时间来表示.如for、since 等引导 的时间状语。（此时句中谓语动词要用延 续性动词） 1. since +过去的某一时刻 since nine since last week+一般过去时态的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I came here.注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间. 此时不能用瞬间动词对划线部分提问都用 how long2.for+
5、一段时间 for a year for two weeksHe has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 ,但可以转换成相应的延续性动词后再连用. 1.直接换成延续性动词buy catch(get) a cold borrow come/go /become put on- 2.转换成be+名词或be+介词短语join the army join the Party go to school have have a coldkeepbewearbe a soldierbe a
6、 Party memberbe a studentbe in the3.转换成be+形容词或副词die- finish - begin- close- be closed leave be away fall sleep be asleep open be deadbe overbe onbe open1.我们买这本书三年了. We have had the book for three years. 2.他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold th
7、ree days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句3.小名参军半年了。 Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago. 4.我们上了8年学了。We have been students for eight years.5.下课10分钟了. The class has been over for ten minutes.6.自从上星期我借的这本书I have kept the book since last week.7.我成为一个学生两年多了.I h
8、ave been a student for over two years.I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago. 8.Mr Black死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.9.电影开始了一小时了The film has been on for an hour.注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的句子为含瞬间 动词的句子。She has worked for ten years.She began t
9、o work ten years agoShe has worked since ten years ago.It is ten years since she began to workTen years has passed since she began to work一、用一般过去时+ago。二、用“It is +一段时间since 一般过去时从句 ”.三、用“ 一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一般 过去时从句”.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。一看句首有无疑问词:如果笼统地问人家做过某事了 吗（句首常无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一 步询问何时、何
10、地、何原因、用什么方式做那件事 时（句首常有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如： Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you leave? At seven thirty.-I have been away for 10 years. 注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景。否则就需 要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by this term?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动 作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用
11、延续性动词，并 使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时 。He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.二看时间状语:如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语 ，常用现在完成时；如果有则根据时间状语选择。 I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year.have been (to)have been (to)和和have gone (to)have gone (to)的区别：的区别： have /
12、has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”， 说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历 。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了 ”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正 不在这里。 试比较：试比较：He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿）。( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _?A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont
13、you( ) 2. I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma _ for two years.A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD( )5. W
14、here is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )6. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA. have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go( )7. You havent changed your mind,_?A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you( )8. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been in AACD( )9. Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone
