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1、Unit one Grammar and usage I. The present tense II. Present continuous tense III. The present perfect tense IV. The present perfect continuous tense I the present tense1 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Japan lies to the east of China.日
2、本位于中国的东方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的 状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表 示频率的时间状语连用.He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。We always care for each o
3、ther and help each other. 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。 3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。Mary speaks both English and French very well.玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。 4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动 作或状态。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。 5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表 示将来的动作。We
4、will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。I cant leave unless my boss agrees.除非老板同意，否则我不能走。Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. II. Present continuous tense 1 表示说话时正在进行的动作
5、。-what are you doing?-I am writing a letter.Its raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.The water is boiling.The sun is rising.The man is walking. 2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。He is teaching English and learning Chinese.他正在一边教英语一边学中文。 3
6、表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.我今晚要去见王先生。I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year.我计划今年去青岛过暑假。The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。 4 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常 反复的行为或某种感情色彩。The girl is always talking loud in public.那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。She is often borrowing money and
7、forgetting to pay me back.她经常借钱却忘记还。She is constantly complaining about her fate.她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 A 表示心理状态、情感的动词Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need B 表示存在状态的动词appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on C 表示瞬间动作的动词allow, accep
8、t, permit, promise, admit, complete D 表示感官的动词see, hear, notice, smell, sound, taste, lookIII. The present perfect tense 1 表示反复发生的经历He has hosted the show eight times.他已经连续八次主持表演。Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows.贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和 电视剧。We have been to the Great Wall many times.
9、我们已去过长城多次。 2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留 下某种后果和影响。He has paid his income tax.他已经交了个人所得税。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。 3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。My mother has been ill for three days.我妈妈已经生病3天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years.我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。 4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is
10、 (has been) +一段时间 since +从句This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成时This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting.+that+完成时Its/ It has been 3 years since they got married.Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.This is the most interesting film that I have seen. N
11、otes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在 完成时可以代替一般将来时。If you have done the experiment, youll understand the theory better.如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个 理论的。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车停稳之前，别忙着下车。Notes: 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间， 均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如： ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“ 现在”
12、的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成 或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发 生在过去，和现在没有关系。IV. the present perfect continuous tense 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作 ，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years.中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。Doctors have been researching that question for many years.多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。The children have b
13、ee watching TV all morning.孩子们一上午一直在看电视。 Answers part A: 1. am 8 has been planning 2 have been writing 9 have designed 3 am looking 10 are printing 4 is 11 are going 5 have been imagining 12 is 6 is 13 hope 7 is making 14 opens 1. I _ at the comedy Club tonight.am performing2 I _ my jokes in front o
14、fthe mirror for the last three hours.have been practising3 My family _ to watch my show.is coming4 I _ nervous about the show.am高考链接 Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression.A hadnt left B didnt leave C doesnt leave D hasnt leftIn such dry weather, the flowers will have to be
15、 watered if they _.（2001年上海） A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive (NMET 2003年)All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown_ David and Vicky _ married? For about three years. (NMET 2003年北京) A How long were; being B How long have; gotC How long have; been D How l
