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1、 英语句子按主谓排列顺序来 分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常 语序的结构是“主语+谓语”， 倒装语序为谓语（或谓语的一部 分）+主语。倒装语序分为完全倒装(Full inversion) 和部分倒装(Partial inversion)两种。完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面。eg. Then comes the bus。部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动 词放在主语之前。eg. Is she an English teacher?一.完全倒装1.There be 句型及其变体There is a lot of fun in the world.另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词有 :exist
2、, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.2.某些副词在句首,且句子主语为名词(1)表地点的副词: there, hereHere are my replies to your questions.There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.(2)表时间的副词: then, nowThen came the time to part.Now comes your t
3、urn.(3) 表方位的副词置于句首: in, out, up, down, away, off, back, etc.In comes Mr Smith.Out went the children.Away ran the frightened tiger.Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken.注意:(1)代词作主语时,不倒装Here you are. There it is. In he comes.(2)此结构不用进行时态.常用的谓语动词有 : be, come, go, lie, live, lie, seem, run, remain, s
4、tand等表示位置静止或移动的词.3. 介词短语在句首From the valley came a frightening sound.South of the city lies a big steel factory.In this chapter will be found a satisfactoryanswer.Inside the box is a monster.4. 作表语的adj, 过去分词,现在分词在句首(1)形容词表语在句首Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other
5、 guests.Happy is he who has a sound mind in a sound body.Higher up are the temples built in ancient China.(2) 过去分词表语在句首Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Seated on the ground are a group of young people.(3) 现在分词表语在句首Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 5.St
6、anding beside the table was an interpreter.全倒装练习 Look. There _.Oh, there _.A. comes the bus; comes it B. the bus comes; it comesC. comes the bus; it comes D. the bus comes; comes it _ with a bunch of flowers in her hand.A. In did a girl come B. Came in a girl C. In came a girl D. In a girl came In t
7、he clear blue sky _.A. does shine the bright moon. B. the bright moon does shine C. shines the bright moon D. the bright moon shines Next door to us _.A. lives an old man, who is an overseas ChineseB. does an old man live, who is an overseas ChineseC. an old man lives who is an overseas ChineseD. an
8、 old man who is an overseas Chinese does live On the top of the hill _.A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands there C. stands a temple D. a temple stands Now _.A. comes your turn B. does your turn come C. your turn comes D. your turn does come Long long ago there _ a king who like the horse ver y
9、 much.A. lived B. living C. live D. to live The farmer coming, away _ A. the naughty children ran B. the naughty children who ran C. did the naughty children ran D. ran the naughty children Autumn coming, down _.A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves fallC. falling the leaves D. fall the leaves Hearing
10、 the cat coming , off _.A. fled all the mice B. fleeing all the mice C. away fled all the mice D. all the mice fled away Up into the sky _.A. went the light blue smoke B. the light blue smoke wentC. go the light blue smoke D. does the light smoke go They arrived at a farmhouse, _ a small boy.A. in f
11、ront of which sitting B. in front of where satC. in front of that was sitting D. in front of which sat For that day the master had prep ared some cards _ ,”Alsace, France; Alsace, France.” A. which were written B. on which were written C. on which was written D. which was written On the wall _ two m
12、aps , one of which is a map of China an d the other is a map of the world.A. hangs B. are hung C. hang D. hanged “ Whats the English for “杯”？ ” _. A. did the boy ask B. asked the boy C. asked did the boy D. the boy ask. _ new data on this subject.A. Presenting in the paper areB. Presenting in the pa
13、per isC. Presented in the paper areD. Presented in the paper is At the back of the book _ of the works available for further research.A. listed are the titlesB. are listed the titlesC. are the titles listedD. the titles are listed用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句：条件状语从句主句与现在事 实相反If+主语+Ved (be动词一律用were)主语+would/could+
14、V原与现在事 实相反If+主语+ had done主语+would/could+have done与现在事 实相反A:谓语用Ved B: were to do C: should + V原主语+would/could+V原If的省略:当从句中有were, had 或should时,可省略if,将 were, had或should提到主语前,构成半倒装形式.(1)Were/Should/Had+主语+(not)其他成分=If+主语+were/should/had+(not)其他成分If he were my friend, I would expect his help.If it should
15、 rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.If you hadnt told me about it, I should never have known the whole thing.(2) Were it not for/Had it not for +n.=If it were not for/hadnt been for +n.If it were not for their help, we would be in serious trouble.If it hadnt been for their support, we couldnt have won the election.用于让步和原因状语从句 (将表语,动词或副词状语提前)形容词 名词(前无冠词) 表原因:as(或that) 系动
