《高中英语语法之代词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法之代词（21页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高中英语语法之代词代词的定义与分类n代词是代替名词的词，可以分为：n人称代词n物主代词n指示代词n反身代词n不定代词n互相代词n疑问代词n关系代词人称代词n 主格与宾格na. - Who broke the vase?n b. - Me. （me作主语补语= Its me.）n1) 宾格代替主格na.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后，多用宾语。n- She likes English.n- Me too.n- Have more wine?n- Not me.nb.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替 主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只 能用主格。nHe is tal
2、ler than I/me.nHe is taller than I am.n2) 主格代替宾格n在电话用语中常用主格。n- I wish to speak to Mary. n- This is she. n在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代 词而定。nI thought it was she. nI thought it to be her.nI was taken to be she. nThey took me to be her. n替代问题n不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no o
3、ne， 及whoever和person在 正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。nNobody came, did he?n2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用 he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。nGive the cat some food. She is hungry.n3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用 she。n排序问题nyou I and she/he; we you theynIt was I and John that made her angry.（承认错误）nI and you try to finish it. （第一人称优于后者）
4、物主代词 nMay I use your pen? Yours works better.nI love my motherland as much as you love yours.nYour should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.n双重所有格 n物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词 一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格 。n公
5、式为：na, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词 na friend of mine.neach brother of his.反身代词 n做宾语na. 有些动词需有反身代词：absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behavenWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night. n Please help yourself to some fish.nb. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词n take pride in, be annoyed with,
6、help oneself to sth.n I could not dress (myself) up at that time. n有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。nPlease sit down.n作表语或同位语 nI am not myself today.我今天不舒服。nThe thing itself is not important.nbut, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词 或人称代词宾格均可。nNo one but myself (me) is hurt.n( ) Myself drove th
7、e car.n( ) I myself drove the car.n( ) Charles and myself saw it.n反身代词本身不能单独做主语。nYou should be proud of yourself. n（第二人称做宾语时用反身代词）相互代词 neach other ；one another nIt is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.nPeople should love one another. nUsually these small
8、 groups were independent of each other.nHe put all the books beside one another. nThe students borrowed each others notes.n句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各 个对象之间是相互存在的 指示代词 n指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（ these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又 可做代词。nThis girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.nThis is Mary. Those are my teachers.
9、nThat和those可作定语从句的先行词，但 this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时， 只有those可指人。n He admired that which /those who looked beautiful. n He admired those who danced well. （）n He admired that who danced well. （）疑问代词 n疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成 疑问句。n指人：who, whom, whosen指物：whatn既可指人又可指物：whichnWhose are these books on the desk?nWho
10、se books are these on the desk?nwhich VS. whatnWhich girls do you like best? nWhat girls do you like best? nMuch of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. (引导从句)关系代词 nThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. nThe girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.nThis is the pencil whose poi
11、nt is broken.nHe came back for the book which he had forgotten. nHe said he saw me there, which was a lie.nIve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.nHes changed. Hes not the man he was. 不定代词 nall , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, nanother, other, some, any , one
12、, no nsomething, anything, everything, nothing , nsomebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone , no one, nonen1 Both of them are teachersn2 I know nothing about this personn3 This book is too much for a childn4 There is a little water in the glassn1 all nAll the students go to the
13、 Great Wall. nAll goes well. (主谓一致)nNot all the students went to the Great Wall. nNone of the students went to the Great Wall. (否定)n2 both, either, neither和nornBoth of the books belong to John.nEither of the books belongs to John. nNeither of the books belongs to John.nThere are flowers on both side
14、s of the street.nThere are flowers on either side of the street.nShe cant sing，neither (can) he. nHe cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.n3 every; eachn整体与个体n Every student in our school works hard.n我们学校的学生都很用功。n Each student may have one book.n每个学生都可有一本书。nevery 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指 两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。n 形容词与代
15、词n Every student has to take one.n Each boy has to take one.n Each of the boys has to take one.n否定及意义nEvery man is not honest. n并非每个人都诚实。nEach man is not honest.n这儿每个人都不诚实。nevery two weeks each week n4 no one ; nonennone 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单 独使用，只指人。nnone 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作 主语谓语动词只能是单数。nN
16、one of you could lift it. n- Did any one call me up just now? - No one.n- How many people are there in the room? - None.n- Who is in the room? - No one.n5 one, that和it none表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指 名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词 为同一个。nI cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)n我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。nThe hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类 但不同个)n你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。nI cant find my hat. I don t
