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1、English GrammarEnglish Grammar名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词 一样。广东实验中学 蔡老师一主语从句一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在 主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子 末尾。 1. 1. It It 作形式主语和作形式主语和itit引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从 句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行 强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调
2、部分指人 是也可用who/whom。例如：真可惜你没有去看电影。你成功与否我不感兴趣。谋杀是在早上发生的。是John打烂了窗户。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 2. 用用it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词 从句It is a fact
3、that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是It is no wonder that难怪 (3) It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that 好象It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎 (4) It is 过去分词 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实 It is said t
4、hat 据说 3. 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 据说江主席下周要访问我们的学校。 It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 他突然意识到他被骗了。It occurred to him that he was cheated. （4）It doesnt matter h
5、ow/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前 。例如：他是对是错不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如 ： 晚上可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子 成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如 ：1) _ you said yesterday is right.2) _ she is still alive
6、is a relief. WhatThat二宾语从句二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句 谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，例如：我们的成功取决于我们相互合作有多好。Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate wit
7、h one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从 句的看作原因状语从句。 这父亲感到很羞愧
8、他的儿子偷了邻居家的自行车。 The father felt ashamed that his son stole his neighbours bike.4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：我们听人说她下月要结婚。 We heard it said that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有allow, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dis
9、like, love, help, make, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名 词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：我们佩服他们赢得了比赛。I admire their winning the match. 请原谅我没有按时完成工作。please forgive my not finishing work on time.工厂允许工人每周休息两天。The factory allows its workers to rest for two a week.父母亲们不喜欢孩子天天上网玩游戏。Parents dont like their childrens playing
10、 games online every day.互联网使人们能够随时互相交流。 The Internet makes it possible for people to communicate with each at any time.6. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否 定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 三表语从句三表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的
11、名词性从句，放在系动 词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以 接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外 ，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。 1) 问题是我们能否在这么短的时间里做好准备。 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) 这就是为什么我们不能得到人们的支持。 This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3) 他迟到的原因
12、是因为他错过了早班车。 The reason why he was late for school was that he missed the early bus. 四同位语从句四同位语从句1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that引导，例如：1) 国王要释放这个犯人的决定使所有人感到惊讶。 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) 所有士兵保持不动的命令是将军发出的。 The order that all the sold
13、iers should stay still is given by the general.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： 他从Mary那里得到运动会被推迟的消息。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某 个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的th
14、at是连词， 只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先 行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词 性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 2)汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.1.It is important that _ our education in all avai
15、lable ways.A. we must develop B. we shall developC. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything readyC. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A. my pictures would surprise themB. my pictures surprised themC. my pictures should surprise themD. my pictures would hav
