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1、 A New Reading CourseOf MPA English(Second Edition)莫 振 银 Unit 2The Practice of Public AdministrationText AThe Rise of the AmericanAdministrative Stateby David H. RosenbloomStudy of New Wordspress v.压; 压平; 逼迫pressure n.压力; 急迫impress v.使印象深刻; 铭记depress v.压下; 使沮丧; 使萧条express v. 表达; 挤出; 快递a. 快速的compress
2、 v.压缩; 镇压oppress v.压迫; 压抑 anniversary n.周年 (纪念)universe n. 宇宙; 全世界vers, vert = turn reversev. 颠倒 a. 颠倒的; 相反的conversation n. 交谈controversy n. 争论；辩论 spirit n.spir = breathe inspire v. 鼓舞; 给予灵感respire v. 呼吸conspire v. 共谋; 协力 administrator n. 管理人; 行政官mini = small 小 miniskirt n. 迷你裙minute a. 微小的 diminish
3、 v. 减少, 减小 minor a. 较小/少的 minority n. 少数 (派); 少数民族 minimal a. 最小的; 最低限度的 minister n. 部长 仆人 ministry n. (政府的) 部 administration n. 经营; 管理affect v. 影响 fect, fact = make, do 做factory n. 工厂perfect a. 完美的; 完全的efficient a. 有效率的deficient a. 缺乏的; 有缺点的defect n. 缺点; 过失manufacture n. 制造employee n. 雇员-ee = 被的人 (
4、和 er 的意思相反)committee n. 委员会 (commit v. 委托) nominee n. 被提名 / 任命者trustee n. 受托人; 董事 interviewee n. 被面试者; 被采访者接受训练者trainee n.考生; 受试验者examinee n. establish v. 建立; 创立sta, sist = standstable a. 稳定的static a. 静止的; 静态的constant a. 不变的, 恒定的steady a. 稳定的; 沉着的assistant n. 助手persist v. 坚持; 固执manipulation n. 操作 ma
5、n, manu = handmanipulate v. 操作manual n. 手册 a. 手 (工) 的manage v. 管理; 经营; 处理manuscript n. 抄本; 原稿manufacture v. 制造 maximize v. 取最大值; 最佳化 maxi- = biggest 最大maximum n. 最大量/值 maximal a. 最大的major a. 主要的; 多数的majority n. 多数posterity n. 子孙; 后代post = after, behindpostpone v. 推迟postgraduate n. 研究生postscript n. (
6、信件中的) 附笔postwar a. 战后的博士后(的)postdoctoral a. 字幕subconscious a. 潜意识的Detailed Explanationof Text AThe Rise of the American Administrative State 美国行政国家的发展rise n. 兴起; (地位的) 提高the rise in status of scientists科学家地位的提高的兴衰the rise/up and down of refer to 说到; 参考; 查阅refer toas 把称为把叫做be referred to as 被称为; 叫做in
7、tend v. 想要intend to do 想做某事(sth.) be intended to doThis paper is intended to deal withthe current financial crisis.这篇论文拟讨论目前的金融危机。 This book is intended for children.这本书的读者是儿童。同位语从句与先行词同位或等同的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, hope, belief, thought, report 等抽象名词, 引导词多为that ,其作用是对先行词的具体内容作进一步的解释。 Where
8、did you get the idea / newsthat I could not come?The foreign guests expressed the hopethat they would revisit China.He put forward a suggestionthat the meeting be put off. politically powerful 政治权力强大身心健康physically and mentally healthyThis is an economically developedcountry.这个国家经济发达。 which reads:我们可
9、以在“宪法导言”里读到这些目标。read v. 写明; (文章等) 内容是The full text reads as follows. 全文内容如下。As the law reads, he is guilty.按法律条文，他是有罪的。“宪法序言” 中包含这些目标, 其内容如下:communications services, 复数名词做定语a savings account 存折a savings bank 储蓄银行a goods truck 运货卡车 海关官员a customs officer销售税sales tax军备竞赛arms racewas once left up to fam
10、ilies .leave v. 把交给; 委托 leave sb. sth. = leave sth. with sb.把交给Leave this (up) to me.把这件事交给我吧。He is left in charge of the matter.这事由他负责。to take care of the mentally retarded老弱病残the old, the weak, the ill and the disabled救死扶伤rescue the dying, heal the woundedLast year saw the biggest annualdeath toll
11、 yet: 2.5 million.Evening saw a little boy crying inthe street.Saint Petersburg / The year 1917witnessed the OctoberRevolution.well-defined category of people 因为他们主要是和一类定义相对明确的人打交道, 这些人一般来说都有着共同的经济利益。well-defined a. 明确的; 界限分明的well-defined policies / limits 明确的政策 / 界限因为这些部门的主要服务对象比较明确, 而这些服务对象通常具有共同的
12、经济利益。 until after World War II.从句/短语作介词宾语的情况:until after mid-nightA cat came out from under the table.Suddenly a bear ran out from behind a tree. brings us to what can beconsidered the legal roots.Linguists tried to construct whatthey call a parent language.These people formed what we call Anglo-Sax
13、on society插入语 ParenthesisWhen the earth first came into being,it very likely lacked what wewould today call an ocean. 战国时期的齐国位于现在的山东省.Qi State in Warring States Periodis in what it is now ShandongProvince.This is what we usually call population explosion.这就是我们通常所说的人口爆炸. 这种致命疾病就是后来众所周知的非典.This fatal
14、disease is what is laterknown to all SARS.About the authorDavid H. RosenbloomDavid H. RosenbloomDavid H. RosenbloomDavid H. Rosenbloom is Distinguished Professor of Public Administration in the School of Public Affairs at American University. He was the 2001 recipient of the American Political Scien
15、ce Associations Award honoring the recipients lifetime of exemplary scholarship in the joint tradition of political science and public administration. He was also awarded the American Society for Public Administrations 1999 Dwight Waldo Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Literature and Leade
16、rship of Public Administration.He is considered an expert on constitutional practice related to public administration. His authored and coauthored books include 1. Personnel Management in Government(1978, 1981,1986, 1992, 2001) 2. Public Administration and Law (1983; 1997), 3. Public Administration: UnderstandingManagement, Politics, And Law In The Public
