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1、 专升本写作讲座（二）大学外语部 陈 勇 Tel: 88738212句型与词汇短时间内对语句的文学性做出突破难度较大，所以 ， 我们应该把精力主要放在对句型和词汇的研习上。 试比较： 1. (1) I will consider your advice.(2) I will take your advice intoconsideration. 不难看出，(2)句把consider一词扩展成了一个短语 take into consideration，显得更加形象与生动。 2. (1) He gave me an unexpected visit.(2) He gave me a surpris
2、e visit.(3) His visit was really a great surprise tome. unexpected过于正式，太注重词义的对应，未免僵 硬。surprise则大众化一点，较为贴切。 (3)句则在 句 型上更加灵活。3. (1) It is raining heavily.(2) It is pouring.(3) It is raining cats and dogs. (1)句是一个很普通但意思又很完整的句子。(2)句的 动词pour则把句意表达得更形象、生动。(3)句则通 过 一个短语强化了这一动感。 4. (1) It is good to be hone
3、st.(2) It pays to be honest. (2)句形象地说明了诚实能够带来回报。(1)句无论在 用词上还是意思表达程度上都显得肤浅。5. (1) Do you sell books here?(2) Are books available here? (1)句过于拘泥于语法，主谓结构丝毫不差，但是句子有汉化 之 嫌。(2)句更符合英语表达法，亲切、自然得体。 6. (1) I wish you have a good future.(2) I wish you enjoy a bright future.(3) I wish you embrace a splendid fut
4、ure. 本组句子纯属选词范畴，have, enjoy, embrace; good, bright, splendid两组词在感情色彩上层层递进，表达的感情 也 不断加深。再比较下面两组句子：1. (1) The question is very difficult.(2) The question is very tough.(3) The question is really a headache to me. 2. (1) Because of your help, I could pass the exam.(2) But it had not been for your timel
5、y help, I couldnt have passed the exam. (3) Thanks should go to your space-no-effort help, otherwise I couldnt have passed the exam.注：1. 如果自己的词汇知识实在贫乏，在写作中，应该 首 先保证句子词汇拼写、词性应用和句子结构方面的 正 确性。 2. 当在句子写作中遇到生词时，可以利用单词的同 义 词或者近义词代替，甚至于对相同的意思换种说法 ， 与其追求华丽而导致错误，不如坚持朴素，力保正 确。 3. 汉语文章中的许多富有文采、似显抽象的句子往 往 可以用常见
6、的英语词汇表达出来。 例如：1. 他的业余生活丰富多彩。 2. 我非常喜欢这些充满生命力的旋律，它们 就 像陈年佳酿。 3. 春天到了，经历了冬日严寒的寂静许久的 田 野又一次变得生机盎然。 4. 他眼下的生活比以前更充实。 5. 我们的家乡人杰地灵。Reference:1. His spare-time life is colorful. 2. I really appreciate these melodies alive, like old wines. 3. With spring coming, the long-quiet fields during the cold winter
7、 becomes alive again. 4. He is now living a fuller life than before. 5. Our hometown is rich in beauty and intellectuals.如何审题及列提纲明确你自己对问题的看法把文章提示的每一点内容从抽象到具 体例：The Hope Project1. 希望工程产生的原因和背景；2. 在我国实行希望工程的必要性； 3. 你自己的观点。提纲：第一段为叙述文：要求结合社会现实客观地陈述希望工程出 现 的原因和目的。 思路：教育对一个国家的重要性，我国以前农村尤其是贫困 地 区的教育状况，希望工程
8、的实施。 第二段为说明加议论：在我国实施希望工程的重要性。 思路：实施希望工程已经带来的益处（正面论述）；如果不 实 施希望工程会出现什么样的后果（反面论述）。 第三段为议论文 思路：希望工程已经为贫困地区的教育带来的可喜变化，如 何 完善这一事物提出自己的见解和看法。段落的写作1.段落的结构：主题句+扩展句+结尾句（1）主题句特点：开门见山，直接点题，中心明确，能够帮助大家迅速抓住要领 ，避免离题。 试比较以下两组主题句： A: Language is one of the most useful communication tools. As we know, language is on
9、e of the most useful communication tools, English, as an international language, is especially so. English, as an international language, is one of the most useful communication tools. 句未涉及中心主题；句则显得累赘、啰嗦；句精炼、紧凑，使人 一目了然。B: Peter was a very capable person. Peter was made president of his company last
10、week. There are two reasons why Peter was made president of his company last week. 句为理由，应为扩展句部分；句为结果，可归结论句一类；句意 思 全面，直奔主题，应为主题句首选。 写主题句最省劲最容易的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。 例如： There are a variety of reasons for the birth of The Hope Project. It is necessary to carry out The Hope Project. In my opinion三种写作结构模式 范
11、文分析（一）2006 On Learning Abroad1. 有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选 择。2. 也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想。3. 我的看法。参考答案When it comes to the choices of whether to study abroad or at home, different people have different opinions. Some see more advantages to overseas study, while others believe that the disadvantages outweigh its adva
12、ntages. With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, many people can go abroad for further studies. They insist that there are more modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in some foreign colleges and universities, which lay a perfect foundation f
13、or their further development. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that , for one thing , studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesnt pay off. For another, there are no language and cultural barriers（障碍）if they study in our country. Just as the old sa
14、ying goes, “Every advantages has its disadvantage.” So I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand , if conditions dont permit, they can pursue the
15、ir studies at top universities in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn. 范文分析（二）2005 My Views on Private Cars 1. 私家车的情况。2. 拥有私家车的利与弊。3. 我的观点。参考答案 Where one lives -in the city or in the country, there are some good reasons for owning a car. First, cars ha
16、ve become an important part of convenient form of transportation. Nowadays, more and more people own cars , and a lot more people intend to buy cars. With a car, a person can go around freely without spending a lot of time. Second, a car is a comfortable way to travel, especially in the winter-time. A driver stays warm and dry even in cold, rainy weather. Finally, a d
