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1、Unit 4 Helping people around the world,Grammar and usage,Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气,虚拟语气1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,Revision,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1) 与现在事实相反：If 主语 , 主语 +V原 2)与过去事实相反：If 主语 ,主语 +have V-e
2、d3)与将来事实相反：If 主语 , 主语 +V原,wereV-ed,should (wouldcould, might),should (wouldcould, might),shouldwere to,should (wouldcould, might),had V-ed,虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had
3、followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt
4、have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?,注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。,If I were y
5、ou, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。,If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。,典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I,在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩
6、略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.,Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be3. _ today, he would
7、get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave,Practise:,4. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved5. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A.would B. should have C. may D. have
8、6. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow,7. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made8. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do
9、this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be,1) 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话,你就不会感冒了。2) 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会。3) 如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。,If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.,If I were not to have a test, I would go to the concert tonight.,If he were here, he should help us
10、.,1.We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. Eg. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.,AnswersA (1) had not studied (3) had studied
11、(5) knew (7) could help,Part A,(2) would not be,(4) would have,(6) would be,(8) would not be,2.use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals,Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done
12、 it. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.),(If there were not air),(If it hadnt been for your he
13、lp),3.In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.,即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had r
14、eally seen it.,Answers(1) Without(3) otherwise/or(5)With(7) even if(9) If only,Part B,(2) otherwise/or,(4) wish,(6) Without,(8) without,(10) as if,虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish/if only,现在：过去：未来：,did（were）,had done,would do,I wish I were a bird.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）,If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,
