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1、虚拟语气 语气（mood）是英文中一种动词形式，它 用来表示说话者的意图和态度，在英文中 语气可以分为三种： 陈述语气（indicative mood） 祈使语气（imperative mood） 虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） 在一些场合里，当说话者谈到自己的与实 际情况相反的愿望时，主观想象某事有可 能发生时，或建议、要求某事发生时，就 需要借助于虚拟语气来表达他的这些心态 虚拟语气：名词从句 在非真实条件从句中 三种基本形态 混合时间虚拟句 倒装虚拟句 含蓄虚拟句 跳层虚拟句 其他情形非真实条件虚拟句 三种虚拟形式 非真实虚拟句：用来描述说话人想象的， 非真实的情景，通常是
2、不可能发生的，与 客观实际相反的，或发生可能性极小的， 只表示说话者的一种主观愿望、假想和建 议 可对现在、过去以及将来进行虚拟时态 if 从句的谓语形式 主语谓语形式 现在 did / were would(should,might, could )+ do 过去 had done/ had been would(should, might, could) + have done (been) 将来 were to (should) + dowould (should, might, could)+ do 1) 与现实事实相反 If I had enough money, I would r
3、un a company of my own. If all difficulties were known at the outset of a long journey, most of us would never start out at all. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make h
4、im more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed
5、before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties. Suppose you set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again,
6、how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon? 2) 与过去事实相反： If you had invited Wealth or Success, the other two of us would have stayed out, but since you invited Love, wherever he goes, we go with him. Wherever there is Love, there is
7、also Wealth and Success! You would have missed the train if you had not hurried. If the flowers had been planted earlier, they would have been in bloom for the garden party last week. It would have been just as satisfactory if I _ at home. I learned nothing in class. A. had stayed B. stayed C. was s
8、taying D. would stay If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were no planned. Do you love me? - Yes. Do you really, really love me? - Yes. It was a question that has been posed to
9、many a lover. But Stephanie Powell had a special reason for asking her boyfriend if he loved her. Because Stephanie had just won & 7 million on the lottery and wanted to make sure of Waynes devotion before she told him the good news. “If he had known about the win I would never have known whether it
10、 was me or the money he would want to stay with,” she said, “I dont know what I would have done if he had not answered yes. ” I love him and want to enjoy spending the money with him. “ 3). 与将来事实相反 If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car. If he were to come here, how would you tell him about
11、this ? Sometimes I have though it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. 混合时间虚拟句 当两者动作发生的时间不一致时， 主句和 从句各自的谓语形式要根据它们动作发生 的时间按照上述原则作适当调整。 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 If I had not studied English, I would never be here to
12、 teach you grammar today. If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. If he had studied English at school, he might have a chance of going aboard for further study now. What an accident! If you had been careful, things would not be as they are. What do you mean, it was my
13、 fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it. 倒装虚拟句 当if 条件句中有助动词should, had 或were, 则可以省去IF, 而将should, had 或were 置于 句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句，意义不变。 Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company. = If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the com
14、pany. Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car. = If I should win the lottery, I would buy a ca Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday. = If he were to leave today, he would get there by Monday. Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.= If you should change your mind, no one would blame you. Had such a disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable. = If such a disaster had occurred, the damage would have been incalculable. _ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today. A. if he want B. had he gone C. were he gone D. sh
