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1、随 笔 长长句的翻译译2011-04朱云汉随 笔 Definition Long/Involved/mixed/complex Sentence(s) 所谓长谓长句，主要指语语法结结构复杂杂、修饰饰成分较较 多、内容层层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦 可指含义较义较多的简单简单句。 翻译译既是科学，又是艺术艺术。翻译译之难难，尤其表 现现在长长句的翻译译上。随 笔 Motivation 英语多长句，汉语多短句 由于英语是“法治”的语言，只要结构上没有出现错 误，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达；汉语则 正好相反，由于是“人治”，语义通过字词直接表达， 不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。
2、英语多从句，汉语多分句 英语句子不仅可以在简单句(前面两个例子都是简单 句)中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从 句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与 主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复 杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达 结构相对松散，英语句子中的从句翻成汉语时往往成 了一些分句。随 笔 Exemplifying In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说有十二把，五 颜六色，大小不一。() Can you answer a que
3、stion which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？ 你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的 问题吗？ ()随 笔 Strategies 具体翻译方法 1、顺序译法 2、变(逆)序译法 3、分（拆）句译法随 笔 If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”. 如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在 那里逗留一两个
4、小时，你也会感到从密 歇根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就 是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。1. 顺序译法随 笔 We hear what they said and view what they did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the
5、scenes which they describe. 我们如闻其声，如观其行，如见其人；我们同 情他们，和他们悲喜与共；他们的感受成为我 们自己的感受，我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所 描绘的场景中与他们同台扮演着角色。 顺序译法随 笔 It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. 从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩，我开始 有了成年人的意识，能意识到人生的伤 痛与灾难。顺序译法随 笔 顺序译法 The world is
6、undergoing profound changes: the integration of economy with science and technology is increasing, the restructuring of the world economy is speeding up, and economic prosperity depends not only on the total volume of resources and capital, but also directly on the accumulation and application of te
7、chnological knowledge and information. 世界正在发生深刻的变化：经济与科学技术的结合与 日俱增；世界经济的重组加快步伐；经济繁荣不仅仅 取决于资源和资本的总量，而且直接有赖于技术知识 和信息的积累及其应用。随 笔 2、变(逆)序译法 The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China. 曾进行暴风骤雨般革命的、身上有
8、战争 伤疤的老共产党人，今天展示了一幅建 设一个和平、繁荣的现代中国的充满热 情的蓝图。随 笔 Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical back- ground of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning. 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划 生育，中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又 具有实质性的变化
9、，必须根据这一历史 背景考虑人到老年(人)的问题。 变(逆)序译法随 笔 Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. 许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资 以换取成为白领工人的社会地位， 这在西方则是人之常情。变(逆)序译法随 笔 What the New Yorker would find missing is what many outsi
10、ders find oppressive and distasteful about New York its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness; the rigor of its judgments; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers encased in their own world. 纽约的粗犷、紧张、那种紧迫感和催人 奋发的竞争性；它的是非观念之严酷无 情；纽约市的那种各色人等熙熙攘攘， 兼容并蓄于各自的天地
11、之中的格局，这 一切都使那些非纽约人感到厌恶和窒息 ；而这一切，又正是纽约人所眷恋的。变(逆)序译法随 笔 It should be the pressing task in international postal cooperation to actively help developing countries overcome difficulties in their development of postal services and to energetically narrow the gap between the developing and the developed co
12、untries in this field. 积积极帮助发发展中国家克服邮邮政建设设中面临临的 困难难，努力缩缩小发发展中国家与发发达国家在邮邮 政领领域的差距，应应成为为国际邮际邮 政合作的当务务 之急。变(逆)序译法随 笔 上海博物馆馆有馆馆藏珍贵贵文物12万件，包括青铜铜器、陶 瓷器、书书法、绘绘画、雕塑、家具、玉牙器、竹木漆器 、甲骨、玺玺印、钱币钱币 、少数民族工艺艺等21个门类门类 ，其 中青铜铜器、陶瓷器和书书画为馆为馆 藏三大特色。 With bronze ware, ceramics and paintings and works of calligraphy as its
13、distinctive collections, Shanghai Museum boasts 120,000 pieces of rare and precious cultural relics in twenty-one categories, including bronze ware, ceramics, calligraphy, paintings, sculpture, furniture, jade and ivory carvings, bamboo and wood carvings, lacquer ware, oracle bones, seals, coins, an
14、d handicrafts of ethnic art. 变(逆)序译法随 笔 A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slums when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 50年代后期，
15、美国出现了一种任何人都不可能 视而不见的现象，穷知识分子以“垮掉的一 代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型 的穷人：正是在这个时候，大批大学毕业生 被赶进知识分子贫民窟。随 笔 A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. 我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以 及所阅读的书去看他的为人。这是因为 人与人之间有友谊，/。同样的，人与书 也有友谊。人应该经常生活在与最好的 书以及最好的人的交谊中。3 分（拆）句译法随 笔
