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1、第二章 古诗词曲鉴赏及英译理论 探索第一节 古诗词曲英译中含蓄的处理v引言v从诗的意境上分析托具体形象，言情寓意揣摩他人，表达自己 借题发挥，指东道西v从诗的修辞格上分析借代比喻引用典故引 言v诗人把含蓄美看成是诗歌作品的一个重要美 学原则。v清代诗论家吴乔在围炉诗话中有云：“ 诗贵有含蓄不尽之意，尤以不着意见、声色 、故事、议论者为最上。”v清代的吴景旭又在历代诗话中说道：“ 凡诗恶浅陋而贵含蓄，浅陋则陋，含蓄则旨 ，令人再三吟咀而有余味。”v所谓含蓄美就是作者的思想感情不是 直接流露出来，而是用凝练的语言点 染出气韵生动地种种画面，纳万顷之 汪洋，收四时之烂漫，给读者的感官 以自由飞翔的天
2、地。这正所谓“片语 明百意，坐驰役万景”，也就是刘勰 说的“隐秀”之美。v以刘禹锡的石头城为例：山围故国周遭在，潮打空城寂寞回。淮水东边旧时月，夜深不过女墙来。托具体形象，言情寓意v1. 直译以杜牧的赠别：多情却似总无情，惟觉樽前笑不成。蜡烛有心还惜别，替人垂泪到天明。v译文如下：Passion so deep appears as none,Before these farewell cups, unable even to smile.The candle too takes pity on our parting,Shedding tears until the coming of th
3、e dawn.（引自张廷琛等，唐诗一百首，中国对外翻译出版公司， 1997。）陆游的卜算子咏梅：驿外断桥边，寂寞开无主。已是黄昏独自愁 ，更著风和雨。 无意苦争春，一任群芳妒。零落成泥碾作尘 ，只有香如故。v后四句译为：Let other flowers be envious! She craves not spring for herself alone.Her petals may be ground in the mud,But her fragrance will endure.（文殊，诗词英译选，外语教学与研究出版社，1989.）2. 变通（增译和改译）v以曹植的七步诗为例：煮豆燃豆
4、萁，豆在釜中泣。本是同根生，相煎何太急？v译文如下：A kettle had beans inside,And stalks of the beans made a fire;When the beans to the brother-stalks cried,“We sprang from one root, why such ire?”（文殊，诗词英译选，外语教学与研究出版社，1989.）李煜的浪淘沙：帘外雨潺潺，春意阑珊。罗衾不耐五更寒。 梦里不知身是客，一晌贪欢。 独自莫凭栏，无限江山，别时容易见时难。 流水落花春去也，天上人间。 v前五句的译文如下： Outside the curt
5、ains the rain goes splash, splash; Springs mood languishes; My silken coverlet suffices not for the chill of dawn. In my dream I knew not I was in exile, And for one moment I indulged in pleasure.（文殊，诗词英译选，外语教学与研究出版社，1989.） 揣摩他人，表达自己 v直译 以杜甫的江南逢李龟年为例：岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻。又是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。 v译文如下：You! Often
6、 seen at Prince Qis Palace,Heard in Cui-Jius Chamber,How is it, when flowers fall, We meet again,Amid these lovely southern scenes? 借题发挥，指东道西v1. 直译以金昌绪的春怨为例：打起黄莺儿，莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西。v译文： That golden oriole, do chase her away. With her warbling in the tree, my dreams would be ruined; Id never get to t
7、he far frontier. (王守义，唐宋诗词英译)2. 变通v杜牧的秋夕：银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤。天阶夜色凉如水，坐看牵牛织女星。 v译文如下:The painted screen is chilled in silver candlelight, She uses silk fan to catch passing fireflies. The steps seem steeped in water when cold grows the night, She lies watching heart-broken stars shed tears in the skies.(
8、许渊冲，唐诗三百首新译，1997)从诗的修辞格上分析借代 1. 译出借体李清照的如梦令：昨夜雨疏风骤，浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人，却 道海棠依旧。知否？知否？应是绿肥红瘦。v后五句的译文为：I asked the maid whos rolling up the screen.“The same crab-apple tree,” she says, “is seen.”“But dont you know,Oh, dont you know,The red should languish and the green must grow.”（许渊冲，宋词三百首，1992)2.译出本体 请看元稹的
9、行宫：寥落古行宫，宫花寂寞红。白头宫女在，闲坐说玄宗。译文如下：Deserted now the Imperial bowers,Save by some few poor lonely flowers.One white-haired dame,An Emperors flame,Sits down and tells of bygone hours.（吕叔湘，英译唐人绝句白首，1980）比喻 2.译出喻体 请看李煜的相见欢：无言独上西楼，月如钩。寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋 。剪不断，理还乱，是离愁。别是一番滋在心头 。 最后四句的译文如下：Unbreakable,Uncontrollable,Is
10、 the sorrow of parting,To my heart aforetime unknown.(陈君仆，词一百零一首.)3. 译出喻体和本体以张九龄的赋得自君之出矣：自君之出矣，不复理残机；思君如满月，夜夜减清辉。译文如下：Since you, sir, went away,I have not returned to tend my fading loom,For thinking of you, I am like the moon at the full,That nightly wanes and loses its bright splendor.（文殊，诗词英译选，外语
11、教学与研究出版社, 1989.） 典故的引用译出典故的寓意 请看孟郊的古别离：欲去牵郎衣，郎今到何处？不恨归来迟，莫向临邛去!汉代司马相如的凤求凰：凤兮凤兮归故乡，遨游四海求其凰。时未遇兮无 所将，何悟今兮升斯堂！有艳淑女在闺房，室迩 人遐毒我肠。何缘交颈为鸳鸯，胡颉颃兮共翱翔 ！凰兮凰兮从我栖，得托孳尾永为妃。交情通意 心和谐，中夜相从知者谁？双翼俱起翻高飞，无 感我思使余悲。古别离译文如下: You wish to go, and yet your robe I hold.Where are you going - tell me, dear today?Your late returni
12、ng does not anger me,But that another steals your heart away. - translated by Fletcher2. 译出典故的部分内容请看杜牧的金谷园：繁华事散逐香尘，流水无情草自春。日暮东风怨啼鸟，落花犹似坠楼人。译文如下：Past splendors are dispersed and blend with fragrant dust, Unfeelingly the river runs and grass grown in spring. At dust in the east wind the flowers will fall just Like “Green Pearl” trembling down and mournful birds will sing. (许渊冲)
