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1、研究设计与论文写作贺永北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习 国家重点实验室一个“好”的研究 原创性/创新性 Originality/Creativity 具有重要性 Significance 具备可行性 Feasibility 可重复性 Reproducibility/Reliability 发表后引起关注（正面或者负面）Influence/impact: 5-10 years作者、编辑、审稿人、读者科学研究的步骤-作者 选题 Selecting and formulating research problem 检索文献Surveying literature 建立假说Developing hypo
2、theses 设计实验Designing experiment 采集数据Collecting data 处理与分析数据Processing and analyzing data 检验假说Testing hypotheses 解释结果Interpreting results and generalization of results 结论Making conclusion 写作 Paper writing审稿及发表(编辑、审稿人、读者) 投稿 修改 出版“This study was the first to derive a structural network of the human br
3、ain on the basis of correlations in cortical grey matter thickness measured using MRI.” (Bullmore and Sporns, Nat Rev Neurosci 2009)Citation: 137 (from ISI) Reviewer 1: “This is an interesting well-written and creatively conceived paper showing for the first time that human brain anatomical connecti
4、vity may be topologically organized according to small world principles.” Reviewer 2: “This paper deals with an important and very significant research area, the characterization of the anatomical network of long-range connections in the human brain. This crucial data set is currently lacking and an
5、y progress towards a more complete anatomical description of the human cortex is highly desirable. The paper attempts to address this issue by using a novel and potentially interesting approach towards mapping anatomical pathways and provides an analysis of the resulting network.”Structural MRI-base
6、d Brain Connectome AnalysisMethods (Chen et al., Cereb Cortex 2009; Sanabria-Diaz et al., NeuroImage 2010) Normal development (Fan et al., NeuroImage 2011) Normal aging (Wu et al., Hum Brain Mapp 2011; Zhu et al., Neurobiology of Aging 2011; Chen et al., NeuroImage 2011) Alzheimers disease (He et al
7、., J Neurosci 2008; Yao et al., PLoS Computational Biology 2010) Multiple sclerosis (He et al., Brain 2009) Epilepsy (Raj et al., NeuroImage 2010; Bernhardt et al., Cerebral Cortex 2011) Schizophrenia (Bassett et al., J Neurosci 2008) Genetic (Schmitt et al., Cerebral Cortex 2009)How to form the ide
8、a?2003年IPMI2003: reject2003年2 subjects from Dr. Xuchu WengIPMI2003: rejectSmall-world human brain functional networks by resting-state fMRISalvador et al (2005) Cereb Cortex2005.7.20 Meeting with Alan Evans and Keith Worsley 说服你的老板！MontrealLerch et al (2006) NeuroImage2005.09 Question: can we use st
9、ructural MRI to construct brain networks? Hypothesis: human brain structural networks have a small-world organization.Work hard! Remember: you only have one chance!RegionsRegionsNetwork constructionCortical thickness measurements0.60.40.20-0.2-0.4RegionsCortical parcellation (ANIMAL + INSECT)Cross-
10、correlation matrix FDRHuman cortical thickness networkBinarized matrix12407Subjects54Cortical thickness data matrixHe et al (2007) Cereb CortexMethods Participants/experimental design/MRI (ICBM 152) Imaging processing Statistical analysis 要求：合理性/准确性/新颖性/完整性 方法描述必须准确，逻辑清晰 关键的方法简要描述其合理性 尽量避免任意选择参数，否则要
11、评价参数变化对结果的稳定性 充分利用你的data引述公式与采用别人的方法必须给出出处 整个部分具有完整性Methods 要求： 方法描述必须准确，逻辑清晰The native MR images were first registered into stereotaxic space (Talairach and Tournoux 1988) using a 9-parameter linear transformation (Collins et al. 1994). Simultaneously, images were corrected for nonuniformity artifa
12、cts using the N3 algorithms (Sled et al. 1998). The registered and corrected images were further segmented into gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and background using an advanced neural net classifier (Zijdenbos et al. 2002). The inner and outer gray matter surfaces were then automatic
13、ally extracted from each MR volume using the Constrained Laplacian-based Automated Segmentation with Proximities (CLASP) algorithm (MacDonald et al. 2000; Kim et al. 2005) and cortical thickness was measured in native space using the linked distance between 2 surfaces at 40 962 vertices throughout t
14、he cortex.Methods 要求： 方法描述必须准确，逻辑清晰Finally, temporal filtering (0.01 Hz Cpbrain Cp random Lpregular Lpbrain Lp randomThe structural cortical network constructed at a FDR threshold (corrected P 1Lpbrain/Lprand=1.15 1brain0randomregularThe thickness of human cerebral cortex is organized into a small-w
15、orld topology, i.e. highly clustering and short paths.He et al (2007) Cereb CortexHub regions in redNon-hub regions in green Black lines show long-range connectionsGrey lines show short-range connectionsGeometric distance between regions approximates the shortest path length between them.Network vis
16、ualized with the Pajek program (http:/vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/)Network topology of cortical thickness correlationsHe et al (2007) Cereb CortexDiscussion 简述关键结果 深入讨论研究方法（发现）的重要性/合理性/生物学意义 该研究的局限性与将来的发展 再次重申研究的重要性与创新性避免简单重复！References Original/relevant/important citations Missing/wrong references Potential reviewers Journal formatAbstractAn important issue in neuroscience
