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1、資訊檢索策略與技巧黃慕萱，Chap.6 Harter，Chap. 71檢索策略v.s.檢索技巧n最早為軍方用語n各家看法1979，Marcia Bates，”Information Search Tactics” Hartlyn如何避免找到不相關文章的方法n處理找到過多或過少相關文章的可能對策 Palmern指分區組合檢索和引用文獻滾雪球法 Paon指布林邏輯、引用文獻及機率檢索策略 n檢索策略(search strategy)針對一檢索問題之通盤考量或全面性之規劃 如分區組合檢索法、引用文獻滾雪球法.等n檢索技巧(search heuristics)為完成特定目的所採取的行動2Briefse
2、arch 簡易檢索n最常見的檢索方式n快速簡單fast and inexpensiven但常是低recall，低precisionn適用主題明確n想瞭解資料庫製作者所使用的敘述語和索引詞彙確認書目資料n已知書名、作者等3Building Blocks Search 分區組合檢索法n亦有人稱為“block building”或“building block”n檢索方式將索引問題分解成數個主題層面(facets)確定主題層面間的關係n通常facets間的關係為”AND”，出現”OR”或”NOT”的情況較 少找出可代表各主題層面的檢索詞彙利用布林邏輯”OR”做聯集，以求完整性n使用率最高，早期參考晤
3、談表格常依此設計4Building Blocks Search Strategy-1/4nConduct reference interviewsnFormulate search objectivesnHigh recallnHigh precisionnModerate levels of recall and precisionnSelect database(s) and search systemnIdentify major concepts or facets and their logical relationships with one another5Building Bl
4、ocks Search Strategy-2/4nIdentify nsearch strings that represent the conceptsnWordsnFull-text phrasesnPieces of wordsnDescriptorsnIdentifiersnCodesnNon-semantic bibliographic characteristics非主題相關的欄位，如資料類型、語言、年代等n包括同義詞、類同義詞、狹義詞、相關詞 nfields to be searched6Building Blocks Search Strategy-3/4nFor each d
5、istinct facet of the search, a set of postings will be created for each search string within that facet. The sets are then combined into a single set representing that facet using Boolean ORnFollowing setp#6, the facets sets themselves will be combined with Boolean AND and NOTnPlan alternatives7Buil
6、ding Blocks Search Strategy-4/4nFormulate the initial statements of the search in the command language of the systemnLogon and put the search to the systemnEvaluate the intermediate resultsnIteratenUse the interactive features of the system to carry out search heuristics tactics, maneuvers, strategi
7、es, tricks, devices, approaches, to try to improve search results8Building blocks approachFacet AFacet BTerm A1 ORTerm A2 ORTerm ApTerm B1 ORTerm B2 ORTerm BqFact CTerm C1 ORTerm C2 ORTerm CrAnswer SetBoolean combination of facets (AND, OR, NOT)9Building Blocks search sampleFacet 1Facet 2Facet 3Face
8、t 4Facet 5RISKMEASUREMENTRISK AVERSIONBEHAVIORAL DECISION THEORYINSURANCEriskmeasurement assessment choice decision outcomerisk aversion risk avoidance risk neutrality risk prone risk tendencybehavioral decision theoryinsurance contract bank finance stock investment advertisementMeasurement of Risk
9、Tendencies（ looking for high recall）Boolean Combination: (RISK AND MEASUREMENT) OR RISK AVERSION OR BEHAVIORAL DECISION THEORY) NOT INSURANCE10檢討結果重新檢索n想增加recall時find additional concepts or search terms to add to one or more facetsdelete a facetn想增加precision時delete some of the more broader or more a
10、mbiguous terms in the facetsadd an additional facet to be intersected with the others11Successive facet strategies 主題層面連續檢索法 1/3n其他名稱fewest postings first （最少筆數優先）most specific concept first （最精確概念優先）successive fractions （非以主題層面開始的連續檢索 ）n分區v.s.主題層面分區檢索法使用所有主題層面主題層面連續檢索法設法動用最少的主題層面n決定檢索問題的主題層面後，需確定其優
11、先順 序，視結果決定是否要繼續進行檢索12Successive facet strategies-2/3First FacetSecond Facet(optional)Other Facet(optional)Other FacetSolution Set(optional)ANDAND例1：“members and activities of 4-H clubs” 例2：”the emotional, physical, and intellectual characteristics of children who have studied violin with the Suzuki
12、method”13Successive facet strategies-3/3n適用情況當所有的主題層面以布林運算元結合，很可能產生零 筆資料時當檢索問題中有一至兩個主題層面涵義相當模糊時當檢索問題具備其他非主題之檢索條件，如資料類型 、語言、或出版年代等，可將此非主題檢索條件視為 第一個檢索概念時當檢索者寧願忍受誤引而不願失去相關文章時當加入其他主題層面所花費的時間和金錢，可能會超 越直接列印檢索結果時當相關文獻過少，檢索者願意檢視一些相關度較低的 文章時14Pairwise Facets 主題層面配對法1/3n將主題層面兩兩配對並取其交集，而後再 聯集之n適用情形所有主題層面都同樣重要主
13、題層面之精確性或模糊性相差不大將所有主題層面結合會導致零筆資料n注意：主題層面過多時，盡量以3-4個為 執行交集的基本單位，以免混淆15Pairwise Facets2/3分區組合檢索主題層面配對檢索A AND B AND C(A AND B) OR (A AND C) OR (B AND C)16Pairwise Facets3/3Facet #1Facet #2Facet #3Solution Set BSolution Set ASample: A doctoral student wants a high recall bibliography prepared on the rela
14、tionship between facial musculature and the physiological (autonomic) responding of emotions, e.g., fear.Solution Set CFINAL SOLUTION SET: A OR B OR CANDANDAND17Citation Pearl Growingn引用文獻滾雪球法以high precision 為目的n由100%precision（相關的文章），反推追求 recalln不斷從已知相關的文獻中，獲取檢索所需的 descriptors、identifiers 、 words，重新
15、進行檢索n 適用情形資料庫無索引典或詞彙集新興學科n常需重複多次檢索，不適於初學者18Other facet strategiesnMultiple Briefsearch利用不同的database，盡量取得high recallnInteractive Scanningmost time-consuming and interactive如使用classification codes, natural languagenImplied Concepts掌握隱含性概念，視資料庫之主題性質，選用不同詞 彙例：possible health hazards from foods cooked us
16、ing microwave ovens19Citation indexing strategiesn利用引用(citing)與被引用(cited)文獻之間的關係 ，建構檢索策略nOffer highly interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to online searchingn檢索策略Cited publication、Cited Author、Cocited Authors國科會人文學研究中心人文學引用文獻資料庫（ THCI）http:/www.hrc.ntu.edu.tw/index.htm20Non-subject, fact, and multiple database searchingnNon-subject searchingDocument type、year of publication、langua
