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1、 大学英语四级作文辅导 1 . 大学英语四级考试作文评分原则 及标准 2 . 文章的基本要素：词 句子 段 落 3 . 四级考试作文题型English CompositionEnglish Composition大学英语四，六级作文全国大学英语四，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准 一.评分原则 1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大 纲规定的四级和六级教学要求,对作文的评判 应以此要求为准则. 2.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring) 方法.阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 (Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数 目扣分. 全国大学英语四，六级考试全国大学英语四
2、，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准作文题评分原则及标准 3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评 判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达 题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表 达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思 想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适的表达 思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成 理解上的障碍。 4.避免趋中倾向.该给高分的给高分,包括满分; 该给低分的给低分,包括零分.全国大学英语四，六级考试全国大学英语四，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准作文题评分原则及标准 二.评分标准 1.本题满分为15分 2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分,5分,8分,11分及14 分. 3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对
3、照样卷评分,若认 为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8 分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分( 即9分)或减一分(即7分).但不得加或减半分.全国大学英语四，六级考试全国大学英语四，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准作文题评分原则及标准 4.评分标准 2分- 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分 句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误. 5分- 基本切题.表达思想不清楚,连贯性差.有较多 的严重语言错误. 8分- 基本切题.有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字 勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误. 11分- 切题.表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语 言错误. 14分- 切题. 表达思
4、想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好, 基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错.全国大学英语四，六级考试全国大学英语四，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准作文题评分原则及标准 除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三 个因素： l白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的 词而无法表达思想，则给零分. 2. 字数不足者酌情扣分(110-119个词扣1分，100- 109个词扣2分，90-99个词扣3分，80一89个词扣4 分，不足50个词最多只给9分)。所计字数不包括卷 面上已给主题句。 3只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。 全国大学英语四，六级考试全国大学英语四，六级考试作文题评分原则及标准作文题评分原
5、则及标准 英语作文最低分的有关规定： 1.根据目前考生的作文均值,将作文分的最低分定为6 分; 2.作文分为0分,总分若高于60分,报道时一律做59分不 及格处理;若低于60分则报道是一律再减6分; 3. 作文分大于0分,小于6分,则按下式计算成绩: 例: 总分为63分,作文分为2分,报导分为63-6+2=59分 总分为54分,作文分为6分,报导分为54+6=60分 凡作文为0分者,全卷至多拿59分文章的基本要素-词，句子 和段落一一. .选词选词标准:意义清晰,形象生动,语法正确,符合表达 习惯.下面我们分析句子中用词不当的例子:A. When he was at school, he wo
6、n first reward for good behavior.句中用reward(酬劳)词不达意,应该为prize( 奖励,奖金)B. It would be carrying a risk to let the child to go to school by himself. carrying应改为running,因为run a risk（ 冒险）是固定搭配.二二 造句造句三个条件:完整性连贯性清晰度造句造句1.完整性(unity)，即意思的完整性和结构的 完整性。（1）意思的完整性是指一个句子应该表达一 个完整的意思。请看下面的句子：意思不完整：Bikes are so popula
7、r in China.修改后：Bike are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.（2）结构的完整性指句子在结构方面没有缺 损。请看句子：A. A. 残缺句: : It is incredible to many people. It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.illness.修改后：修改后：It It isis incr
8、edible to many people incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.illness.B.B.残缺句 I think the film is poor. Even though so many people enjoy it. 修改后：修改后：I think the film is poor, even though so many people enjoy it. 为了使句子保持完整性，还必须避免
9、Run-on Sentence（串句）特点：串句是指误将两个串在一起的句子当 成一个句子, 有的用逗号隔开,有的什么标点 符号都没有使用。A.He does not speak too rapidly ,his voice is loud ,it can be heard by everyone in the classroom.修改后:He does not speak too rapidly and his voice is so loud that it can be heard by everyone in the classroom.B. It was raining hard, t
10、hey could not work in the field.修改后:It was raining hard, so they could not work in the field.As It was raining hard, they could not work in the field.It was raining hard; they could not work in the field.It was raining hard. They could not work in the field.It was raining so hard that they could not
11、 work in the field.2.连贯性(coherence)即句子之间的连贯和句 子各部分之间的连贯.I. 结构不平行I wrote to him, but my letter was not answered.I wrote to him, but he didnt answer my letter.（误）Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more comfortable than our old one.（正）Our new car is not only more economical but also
12、 more comfortable than our old one.II.动词的不定式，分词，动名词的逻辑主语 不一致：例1: To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed.修改后：To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.例2：On squeezing on to the bus, my wallet was lost.修改后： On squeezing on to the bus, I lost my
13、 wallet.III.代词所指的意思摸棱两可: She told my sister that she is wrong 修改后:She admitted that she was wrong and said so to my sister.IV. 修饰语位置不对:（误） I have interesting something to tell you.（正）:I have something interesting to tell you.（误）：I nearly earned a hundred dollars last week.（正）：I earned nearly a hundr
14、ed dollars last week.V. V. 有关主谓一致得错误。有关主谓一致得错误。The Chinese girl together with her The Chinese girl together with her two American friends are eating at two American friends are eating at restaurant.restaurant.The Chinese girl together with her The Chinese girl together with her two American friends
15、two American friends isis eating at eating at restaurant.restaurant.To fight and to win was their aims.To fight and to win was their aims.To fight and to win To fight and to win werewere their aims their aims3.清晰度（clarity）：突出句子的主要 意思：正确运用修饰语；注意修饰语的 位置；正确使用标点符号。A. 主要意思不突出：They were just turning the corner, when they heard the noise of a shot.修改后：Just as they were turning the corner, they heard the noise of a shot.注意：句子要表达的主要信息应放在复 合句的主句中三三 段落及段落常段落及段落常 用扩展方法用扩展方法1.段落和段落的组成段落一般由三部分组成主题句 ( topic sentence ) 扩展句 ( devel
