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1、WJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining激光焊接 Lasers WeldingGirish P. Kelkar, Ph.D.WJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining激光 LASERn受激辐射式光频放大器的英文第一个字母 的缩写Light Amplification by Stimulation of Emitted RadiationWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining参考资料 Referencesn激光的工业应用-J.F.Rea
2、dyIndustrial Applications of Lasers, J. F. Readyn激光焊接，W.W.DuleyLaser Welding, W.W. Duley n激光加工，W.M.SteennLaser Materials Processing, W. M. SteennAWS 焊接手册，1-4nAWS Welding Handbooks, 1-4n激光加工手册-美国激光协会出版Handbook of Laser Materials ProcessingnPublished by the Laser Institute of American公开的相关文献Published
3、literatureWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining请记住 Remembern学习需要积极的参与Learning requires active participationn不耻下问Feel free to ask questionsn无所顾及地提出个人不同见解Do not hesitate to present different viewpointsWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining光 Lightn光是一种电磁辐射 Light is electro-magnetic r
4、adiationn我们听不到.Waves that you cannot hearn可见光的波长在0.4-0.7微米之间。Visible from 0.4-0.7 micron wavelengthn波长小于0.4微米是紫外线和X光Below 0.4 ultraviolet to x-raysn波长大于700nm的光为红外线和微波。Above 0.7 infra-red to microwaves0.4 0.7 m mVisible Gamma x-ray UV IR Microwave TV Radio0.01 m0.001 mYAG1 mWJM Technologies Excellenc
5、e In Material Joining光的吸收和颜色 Absorption and Colorn物体的颜色来源于它反射的光的波长Color of an object (wavelength that it reflects)n颜色和光的波长是相关联的。Color is associated with particular wavelengthn黑色和白色代表着什么？What is the meaning of black or white color?n黑色表面吸收了YAG光，而白色在反射了大部 分光。nBlack surface will absorb YAG light while w
6、hite will reflect most of itWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining我们为什么需要激光？ Why do we need Lasers?n材料加工需要吸收很强的光。Absorption for materials processing requires very intense lightn高强度的光可以通过激光聚焦成光束获得。Intensity can be generated by focusing a beam of laser lightn普通光不能聚焦成很高的能量密度（或足够小 的点）Ordinary l
7、ight does not focus down to a high enough power density (or small enough spot size)n手持放大镜可以把太阳光聚焦让纸燃烧但是不能把 金属融化 Hand-held lens can focus sunlight to set fire to paper but not enough to melt metalWJM Technologies Excellence In Material JoiningLight and Lasersn单频的（单波长） Monochromatic (single wavelength
8、)n校准的（平行光） Collimated (parallel)激光Laser Light 普通光Ordinary Light 很多波长Many wavelengths 不平行Not parallelWJM Technologies Excellence In Material JoiningLight and Lasers激光 Laser Light 普通光Ordinary LightWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining激光的聚焦 Focusing of Lasers 激光Laser Light 普通光 Ordinary Lightn
9、单频（单波长）和校准（平行）的光可以聚焦 成很小的焦点Monochromatic (single wavelength) and Collimated (parallel) light can be focused to a very small spotWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining激光的种类 Types of Lasersn激光能量传输 Laser Power Deliveryn连续波 Continuous Wave (CW)n脉冲 PulsednQ-开关 Q-switchedn激光频率 Laser Frequenciesn基
10、频和倍频 Fundamental and multiplesWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining连续光纤激光 Continuous Wave Fiber Lasersn激光在光纤中产生Laser light is created in the fibern可在连续波和脉冲波中使用Can be used in pulsed mode as well as CWn可以被用于焊接和切割Can be used for welding and cutting激光二极管光Laser Diode Light激光二极管光 Laser Diode Lig
11、ht光纤FiberWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining脉冲YAG激光（焊接） Pulsed YAG Lasers (Welding)n闪光灯开关产生脉冲Flash lamp turns on and off to create pulsesn光纤用于传送激光Fiber is used to transmit laser light闪光灯（光泵）Flash Lamp (Optical Pump)全反镜100% mirror90%反镜 90% mirror光纤Fiber 激光棒Laser RodWJM Technologies Excell
12、ence In Material Joining脉冲打标激光 Pulsed Marking LasersnQ-switching produces very short pulses, 10-100 nano-secnCannot be used for weldingnLaser light delivered directly; no fibernFrequency can be doubled or tripled to get green or UV lightMMRodMirrorsQ-switchGalvo MirrorsFocusLens Frequency Multiplier
13、 (not present in all markers)WJM Technologies Excellence In Material JoiningGalvo-光学器件 Galvo-Opticsn经常用于打标。Often used for marking applicationsn逐渐受到焊接应用的青睐。Is gaining popularity for welding applicationsNutfield, Inc.LaserWJM TechnologiesWJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining激光频率 Laser Freque
14、nciesn上表只包括了大部分常用的和商业化的激光器。Table includes only the most common and commercialized lasers。波长 Wavelength Range激光种类 Laser频率 Frequencie s (mm) 远红外Far IRCO210.64近红外Near IRNd:YAG1.064可见光VisibleFrequency doubled YAG Copper-Vapor Lasers0.532 0.510紫外光UVFrequency tripled YAG Frequency quadrupled YAG Excimer0.
15、354 0.266 0.15-0.35WJM Technologies Excellence In Material Joining脉冲YAG激光焊接典型示意图 Typical Layout for Pulsed YAG Welding Lasers镀膜反光镜Coated Mirrors激光Laser光纤Optical Fiber聚光头 Focus Head工件Work piece透镜Lens注：某些激光不通过光纤直接传输。 Note: Some lasers are delivered direct without fiberWJM Technologies Excellence In Ma
16、terial Joining聚焦高度和焦点尺寸 Focus height and spot size短焦距透镜将光束聚焦成更小的点。Short focal length lens (of given diameter) will focus the beam to a smaller spot 高的能量密度。Higher energy density Focus height is critical due to shallow depth of focus Lens protection from work piece spatter is important短焦距Short Focal Length 长焦距Long Focal LengthDepth of F
