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1、1宾语从句宾语从句一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：We all expectexpect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。 （动宾）We are talking aboutabout whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。 （介宾）二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词，用法如下表：连接
2、词连接词连接词的作用连接词的作用例句例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略。He said that it was a good present.他说这是一份好礼物。what, which,在从句中作一定成分，可作主语，宾语，定语等I dont know what you are talking about.宾语从句宾语从句知识精讲2who, whose,whom等连接代词我不知道你在说什么。He wanted to know whose box it was.他想知道这个箱子是谁的。when, where,why, how等连接副词在从句中作状语，如时间状语，地点状语，原因状语
3、等。Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？People never know how he did that.人们从来也不知道他是如何做到的。if/whether宾语从句中意思都是“是否”，不作成分，但不能省略。He asked me if it would rain tomorrow.他问我明天是否会下雨。二、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时） ，宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：I remember he gavegave me a book yesterdayyeste
4、rday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that he willwill leaveleave for Shanghai nextnext weekweek.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时） ，那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） ，如：I only knewknew he waswas studyingstudying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。My teacher toldtold me that
5、Mrs. Rosemary hadhad been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我，Rosemary 夫人已经回澳大利亚了。The reporter askedasked if the government wouldwould take necessary measures to deal 3with smog.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：The teacher toldtold us that light travelstravels faster than sou
6、nd last week.上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：Is it a good idea? Do you think so?=Do you think (that) itit isis a good idea?四、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, consider 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think
7、he will come to my party. ()I think he wont come to my party. ()我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的,是不是?五、宾语从句的简化1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.4=My frien
8、d hopes to receive a birthday present.我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesnt know what she should say next.=She doesnt know what to say next.她不知道该说些什么。一、重难点：一、重难点：宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语
9、序也就是做这种题的关键。二、易错点：二、易错点：1. if, whether 在宾语从句中的区别在宾语从句中 if 和 whether 都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用 whether1). if 和 whether 在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用 if，如：They are talking about whether she will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。2). whether 后可以加 or not，但是 if 不可以，如：They dont know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来。3). 在不
10、定式前只能用 whether，如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。4). 避免歧异时，我们常用 whether 而不用 if，如：They are wondering if she can come. ()三点剖析5They are wondering whether she can come. ()注：if 只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果” ，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。2. 宾语从句中不
11、可省略的 thatthat 引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that 可省略，其余连词后的 that 必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that)(that) there are some problems in this software and thatthat it will take a while to solve them.他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。题模一：关系词选择题模一：关系词选择例例 1.1.11.1.1 -Its said that the new highway ha
12、s been completed.-Yes, but we dont know _ its to be opened to traffic soon. A whichB when C whetherD since例例 1.1.21.1.2 -Its so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?-But I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A whyB whenC howD where例例 1.1.31.1.3 选择恰当关系词填空1. Do you know _ else is going to be on dut
13、y today? (who, whom) 2. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why) 题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态题模精选6例例 1.2.11.2.1 句型转换1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the wat
14、ch _ made in Shanghai.例例 1.2.21.2.2 Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. A when you will travel B when will you travel C when you travelled D when did you travel 例例 1.2.31.2.3 What did the teacher say to you just now? She asked _. A where did I learn Japanese B where I learned Japanese C w
15、here do I learn Japanese D where I learn Japanese随练随练 1.11.1 选择恰当关系词填空 1. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 2. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）3. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 4. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what) 5. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 6. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what) 7. I really dont know _ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）随练随练 1.21.2 Could you say it again? I cant understand _
