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1、第五章 美国文学史汉译第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节第一节61-65Original 61: The first American literature was neither American nor really literature. It was not American because it was the work mainly of immigrants from England. It was not literature as we know it in the form of poetry, essays, or fiction but rather an interest
2、ing mixture of travel accounts and religious writings.1) Analysis of the original:A) Grammatical analysis B) Stylistic analysisA）Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication (3) Notes(1) Sentence structure： The selection consists of three sentences, of which the first is a
3、 simple sentence while the two others are complex sentences. The second sentence is composed of a main clause and an adverbial clause of reason while the third sentence is composed of a main clause and an attributive clause.(2) Additional complication: In the last sentence, there is a parenthesis be
4、tween the two dashes.(3) Notes： The part before but in the last sentence could be understood as something like this: It was not literature, in the way we know that literature is often in the form of poetry, essays, or fiction. B) Stylistic analysis:(1) Periodicity (2) Structural complication (3) Par
5、allel structure (4) Cohesive device (5) Structural and lexical formality(1) Periodicity： The first two are loose sentences and the last is periodic in that the part between the two dashes serves as a parenthesis.(2) Structural complication： The selection is not very complicated structurally though t
6、he last sentence is longer than the other two and sentence patterns vary one from another.(3) Parallel structure: In the selection, parallel structures are found as follows: neither American nor really literature; It was not American because it was the work mainly of immigrants from England, it was
7、not literature as we know it; poetry, essays, or fiction; and travel accounts and religious writings.(4) Cohesive device： In terms of cohesive device, examples could be found as follows: parallel structures are used; literature and American are repeated; travel accounts and religious writings are se
8、mantically related, and so on.(4) Structural and lexical formality： Structurally, the selection is formal in that the sentences it is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures. Lexically, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, lite
9、rature, immigrant, mixture, account, religious, and many others.2) Staged translation:A) Translation 1 with comments B) Translation 2 with comments C) Translation 3 with commentsA) Translation 1: 最初的美国文学既不是美国的，也 不是真正的文学。它不是美国文学是 因为它主要是从英格兰来的移民的作 品。它不是文学是因为正如我们知道 的不是以诗歌、散文或小说的形式 出现的而是些颇有情趣的旅行记载 和宗教作品
10、。Comments: This is basically a word-for-word translation, though minor adaptations could be found occasionally. The translation is acceptable, readable and even authentic to the Chinese ear. But this does not necessarily mean that improvements cannot be made on it.B) Translation 2: 最初的美国文学既不是美国的， 也不
11、是真正的文学。不是美国的，是 因为它主要是英格兰移民的作品；不 是文学，是因为我们知道的文学的形 式多为诗歌、散文或小说，而这些作 品都是些颇有情趣的旅行记和宗教作 品。Comments: Compared with the previous, intra- and inter-sentential rearrangements are made, clauses are cut short and coherence is enhanced. Consequently, readability and authenticity are improvedC) Translation 3: 最初
12、，美国文学既不属于美国， 也不是文学。作品大多出自从英格兰 来的移民的笔端，不是我们所熟知的 诗歌、散文或小说，而是些饶有情趣 的旅行记和宗教作品。Comments: In the present translation, such expressions as it was not American because, it was not literature as, together with the dashes, have disappeared with ideas greatly contracted. To some, such a translation may not be
13、legitimate but to others it may be quite acceptable.Original 62: The earliest colonial travel accounts are records of the perils and frustrations that challenged the courage of Americas first settlers. William Bradfords History of Plimmoth Plantation describes the cold greetings which the passengers
14、 on the ship Mayflower received when they landed on the coast of America in 1620:Original 62 (continued): Being thus arrived in a good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and Blessed the God of Heaven who had brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them f
15、rom the perils and miseries thereof, again to set their feet on the firm and stable earth, their proper element . But here I cannot stand half amazed at this poor peoples present condition; and so I think will the reader too, when he well considers the same. Being thus passed the vast ocean, they ha
16、d no friends to welcome them nor inns to entertain or refresh their weatherbeaten bodies; nor houses or much less towns to repair to, to seek for succour.1) Analysis of the original:A) Grammatical analysis B) Stylistic analysisA）Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication (3)
