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1、Scott A. Snell Cornell University393 Ives Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 (607) 255-4112 scott.snellcornell.eduCompeting through Knowledge: The Human Capital Architecture 通过知识竞争：人力资本架构IBM“You can get capital and erect buildings, but it takes people to build a business.”“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要 员工才能完成交易”Thomas J. Wat
2、son, IBMDid IBM forget? $168 billion (Tobins Q = 2.1) Hardware, software, and services Nobel prize-winning scientists 3,768 patents (1993-1995)Whats Happening Today?今天发生了什么？Industry Changes工业变化 Globalization全球化 Information technology信息技术 Knowledge-based strategies以知识为基础的战略 Core competencies核心能力 Inno
3、vation变革 External partnerships外部合作伙伴Leading to 导致New Business Equation新的商业等式Need for需要 Organizational agility敏捷的组织 Speed速度 Innovation变革 Cost成本网络型组织对顾客诚实智力资本信息技术合作者与契约伙伴打破界限关注核心能力Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to custom
4、ers. 包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的价值 。Hamel and Prahalad, 1994 SONY索尼 Miniaturization微型设计Pocketability便携式FEDERAL EXPRESS联邦快递 Logistics后勤（协调能力）On-time delivery准时送货 HONDA本田 Engine design/mfg.机械设计 Reliable performance值得信赖的产品 MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司Wireless technology无线技术Untethered comm.无线沟通Core Benefit to Competence Cu
5、stomer 核心能力 给消费者的利益KnowledgeKnowledgeTechnologiesTechnologiesProcessesProcessesRelationshipsRelationshipsCRITERIA标准 valuable有价值的 unique唯一的 extendable可扩展性 learning学习BenefitsVALUE = - CostsUNIQUE = (social complexity + causal ambiguity)LEARNING = (experience x challenge)Competing Through Peoplet人的竞争 I
6、dentify & develop core skills确定和发展核心技能 Integrate diverse activities整合多样化的动机 Respond with agility & speed敏捷、快速反应 Empower action授权 Innovate变革Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量 技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的 利益。-Hamel an
7、d Prahalad 价值收益/成本学习经验 挑战唯一社会的复杂性原因的模糊性KNOWLEDGE知识- customer客户- technology技术- operations 执行- managing 管理PROCESSES流程- customer segmentation客户服务部门- just-in-time (hrs)及时服务- mass customization模块用户化- build to order (AIM)以订单为核心- ROIC metrics 计算基本回报率制度- experimentation试验TECHNOLOGY技术- Premier pages主页- softw
8、are installation软件安装- TPM triggers (parts, service)- customer purchasing systems客户购买系统RELATIONSHIPS关系- customer intimacy (Boeing)客户的熟悉程度- Platinum councils顶尖顾问- supplier partnerships (Sony)供应商合作- employee involvement雇员参与- third party service maintainers (TPMs)第三方提供维修服务- distribution agreements (UPS,
9、 Airbourne)分享协议“Virtual Integration”Leading to ValueValue价值价值 Uniqueness Uniqueness唯一唯一 Learning Learning学习学习“A low-value product can be made by anyone anywhere. When you have knowledge no one else has access to - thats dynamite. We guard our intellectual assets even more carefully than our financia
10、l assets.” 低价值的产 品任何人、任何地方都可以做 。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知 识时那才是优势。我们小 心保护着我们的智力资本甚至 超过了我们的金融资本-Roy Vagelos, former CEO Merck价值 整合“Positively Outrageous Service”Southwest Airlines西南航空TECHNOLOGY技术- Premier pages主页- software installation软件安装- TPM triggers (parts, service)第三方提供维修服务- customer purchasing systems客户购买系统
11、PROCESSES流程- customer segmentation客户服务部门- just-in-time (hrs)及时服务- mass customization模块用户化- build to order (AIM)以订单为核心- ROIC metrics计算基本回报率制度- experimentation试验KNOWLEDGE知识- customer客户- technology技术- operations 执行- managing 管理RELATIONSHIPS关系- customer intimacy (Boeing)客户的熟悉程度- Platinum councils顶尖顾问- s
12、upplier partnerships (Sony)供应商合作- employee involvement雇员参与- third party service maintainers (TPMs)第三方提供维修服务- distribution agreements (UPS, Airbourne)分享协议积极的额 外服务KNOWLEDGE知识- microbiology微生物- biochemistry有机化学- imunodiagnostics免疫诊断(antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合PROCESSES流程- R&D/Mfg.研发- bioconjugation生物聚和
13、- antibody purification抗体提纯- PCR amplification- DNA hybridization DNA杂交- TQM全面质量管理- commercialization商品化TECHNOLOGY- immunoassays确定抗原- ELISA (serum/blood)免疫血清- rapid diagnostics快速诊断- DNA based DNA基础RELATIONSHIPS关系 - CRC-DT, CDC- U.S. Army 美国军队- World Health Org国际健康组织.- universities大学- distribution ne
14、twork分享网络- employee (science/mkt)雇员C2 = “Rapid Learning”Leading toAn organization at the frontier of its intellectual field is more likely to stay at the frontier. It can attract and challenge more and better intellect than its competitors. By solving more advanced problems, it has more capacity to
15、solve others. And so on.” 一个处于智力 领域的前沿的组织一定处于 行业的前沿。它能够比竞争 对手吸引更多更好的人才且 为其提供更多的机会。通过 解决尖端问题它也能解决其 他问题。- JB QuinnBIOTECH INC. ValueValue价值价值 Uniqueness Uniqueness唯一唯一 Learning Learning学习学习C2 =快速学习Combination of people and systems leads to.Human CapitalSocial CapitalOrganizational CapitalBioTech, Inc.
16、: Intellectual capital生物技术：智力资本PeopleSystemsKNOWLEDGE知识- microbiology- biochemistry- bioconjugation- imunodiagnosticsPROCESSES流程- R&D/Mfg.- bioconjugation- antibody purification- PCR amplification- DNA hybridization- TQM- commercializationTECHNOLOGIES技术- immunoassays- ELISA (serum/blood)- rapid diagnostics- DNA
