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1、8B Unit 1 Past and PresentGrammar (B)Learning aims 1.能够在语境中正确运用现在完成时。 2.运用现在完成时谈论发生在过去并与现 在有联系的事情。 3.理解并运用常与现在完成时连用的时间 表达方式。 Did it.?Has it .?Did they.? Have they .?Did they.?Have they .?Did he.?Has he .?Did she.?Has she .?Has it .?Did it.?她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海10年了。 She has
2、 been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。 He has gone to Shanghai.他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. Have a try!现在完成时的时间状语常与不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等, 表示“到目前为止到目前为止”所发生的动作. 还可以和包括现在在内包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束 )的,表示一段时间的状
3、语一段时间的状语连用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等.上一页下一页现在完成时的主要用法一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事 情现在已经结束。上一页下一页Someone has just turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了。)I have already finished my homework. (我已经经完成了家庭作业业。)二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续
4、到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继 续。上一页下一页I want to see how much the place has changed since I saw it last.我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大 变化。 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从 未有过的经历.上一页下一页Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? (你曾去过颐和园吗?)I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽
5、车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法四.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he has driven a car .这是他第一次开车。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法五.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现 在为止是最的。上一页下一页What a boring film！一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完
6、成时的知识点检查1.He_（write）the sentence yet. 2._you_(修理)your bike yet? 3.Computers_(come)into use _(近来). 4._you_ _ _ (看展览) recently?No.Is it about changes in Beijing over the past_(世纪 )? 5.He_ _ _ _(忘记标 题),hasnt he? 上一页下一页has writtenHaverepairedhave come recentlyHaveseen any exhibitionscenturyhas forgotten
7、 the title一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. （他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页二、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。 1.We have known each other for twenty years. （我们认识有二十年 了。）2.I havent
8、seen her for a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years
9、 _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页for后面应该接“段时间”；since后面应该接“点时间”或者“句子”。关键点： 1 since for 主句都用现在完成时，主句动词为延续性.2 since引导的从句通常采用“一般过去时”just, recently是完成时的时间状语， just now 有a moment ago 之意，是 一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。） Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？）Have you heard f
10、rom your family lately/recently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗？ ）上一页下一页1.I_(lose)my pen just now.I_ just _(lose)my pen . （我刚才丢了钢笔） 2.She_ just _(buy) a book. She_ (buy) a book just now. （她刚才买了本书）上一页下一页losthavelosthasboughtbought七、ever和never也是现在完成时常 见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经 ”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后 者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部 否定。 “Have you ever
11、seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.” （“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。”） Nobody in our class has ever been there. （我们班没有人去过那。）上一页下一页八、already和yet常见于现在完成时 中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用 在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。 yet在否定句中有“还”之意。“Has the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” “No. It hasnt left yet.“汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不
12、，还没有开走。 ”上一页下一页“already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中.用“already” “yet”填空He has ( ) visited many places in China. ( ) 注意 “already“ 在句中的两种位置.The train hasnt arrived .火车（到现在） 还没有到。Has she arrived ? 她已经经到了吗吗？ Hasnt he come ? 她还还没来吗吗？already alreadyyet yetyetComplete their conversation using the
13、present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets with the correct time expressions.Simon: Have you_ (travel) by plane?Daniel: No, I_ ( not travel ) by plane_, but Ill fly to Sanya this summer. My parents and I will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.Simon: Im sure youll enjoy t
14、he trip. By the way, did you know that my family_( own) a boat_ 1920?ever travelledhavent travelledyethas ownedsinceDaniel: I cant believe your family_( own) a boat _ over 80 years!Simon: In fact, you _( see) it in the sitting room.Daniel: Oh,yes,but thats not a real boat. Its only a model!Simon: I
15、know, but it looks like a real one. Its just smaller.Daniel: I must say that its the best model I_(see ).Simon: Thank you, Daniel.has ownedforhave already seenhave ever seen in the past few years 意思是“过去 几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间 状语；in the past意思是“在过去” ，常作一般过去时的时间状语。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. （过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。） Where did you work in the past?
