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1、为了避免重复，句子中 某些部分可以省略。省略一，并列句中的省略，在由and连接 的 一些句子中，为避免重复常省 略一些重复的词或词组。 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman.2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词， 情态动词相同，则省略后面的 助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略
2、后 面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续 部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部 分。I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989.5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分 。 He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train.二、状语从句的省略1. 在when, while, whenev
3、er, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等 引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有be, 而主 语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的 主语和be常被省略。 （1）As (he was) young, he was a store- keeper. （2）His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong , would be considered.2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省 略某些成分。Anyone,
4、no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。Should there be a flood =(If there should be a flood), what should we do?4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省 略，有时可省略整个从句。John will go there if my brother wil
5、l (go).I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).三、定语从句和名词性从句中的省 略。1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用 的关系代词whom, which, that可省略 ；在以the sameas和such as引出的 某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相 同部分。The girl (whowhomthat) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.I dont like such books as this (is).2. 定语从句中的“主语+系动 词be”可以省略。The goods (which w
6、ere) ordered last month havent arrived yet.3. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接 的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若 带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可 省略，其余的则不能。I think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon.He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.4. 由whi
7、ch, when, where, how 和why引导的宾语从句，可 全部或部分省略。He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back). 5. 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中， 须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词 原形”，should可省略。The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.四、复合句中特殊的省略
8、现象 。1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答 句中，主句或者一些成分可全 部省略。(It is a) Pity that I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday.2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部 分，可用so或not代替。1) -She may not be free today.-If so (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager.2) -Is he feeling better today?-Im afraid not (not=he isnt feeling b
9、etter today).五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动 词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage等。You can do it this way if you care to.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I mean to , but when I was leavin
10、g I couldnt find her anywhere.2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时， 常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。She wants to come but her parents wont allow to.3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形 容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等 。I think she should get a job, but you cant force her to if shes
11、not ready to-Ill be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. Id be happy to.4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结 构如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。He doesnt like fish but he used to.注意：当省略的内容是作动词用 的have或be的任何形式时,to 后面保留 原形have或be. He didnt come, but he ought to h
12、ave.Alice is not what she used to be.六、动词不定式符号to 的省略。1. 主语部分有to do, 系动词是 is或was 时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.2. 作介词but, except, besides的宾语 时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定 式符号to.Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning.3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不 定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时
13、则不省略 。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（平行结构）4. 在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, leave, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不 定式符号to；Why (not) do结构中不定 式不带to.Did you notice her enter the room?why not join us?七、介词的省略（考点）1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的 介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常 见的句型有sp
14、end/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等 。The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in anoth
15、er way等词组中，经常被省略。He did it (in) this way.八、会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别 人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生 ，否则就觉得累赘。 -Do you like this shirt?-Yes, (I like it) very much.(Come) This way, please.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).省略句练习题1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in C3. - You should have th
