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1、英汉翻译之语言风格的传译语言除传递某种意义外，还具有一定的风 格特征，或简或繁，或雅或俗，或庄或谐， 或平铺直叙，或委婉曲折。因风格不同，给 读者带来的感受就不同。翻译追求译文读者与原文读者有相同或相 似的感受，所以译者应以庄译庄，以谐译谐 ，应在译文中再现原文的语言风格。译者在翻译前需对英文原文的语言风格进 行解码。一般说来，译者可以从词汇、句法 和修辞手法三个层面来分析英文原文语言使 用上的特征。一，词汇标记：英语词汇有两个主要来源：一是英语本族 词汇，即古英语盎格鲁撒克逊词,如house, red, fire, green, make, talk等；一是外 来词，如residence,
2、conflagration, scarlet, verdant, manufacture。英语外来 词主要来自法语，即11世纪日耳曼人征服英 国时所操的法语词汇；其次是拉丁词和希腊 词，即文艺复兴时期英国学者作家为了表达 新的思想而借用的拉丁词和希腊词。盎格鲁 撒克逊词最为短小朴实，构成日常非正式交 谈和一般写作的主要成分。法语词文雅华丽 ，大都用于较为正式的语体语言；拉丁词和 希腊词抽象冷僻，主要用于学术、政论等极 为正式的场合。“I wanted to go off to another town, but then everyone got busy matchmaking and th
3、ey were after me so they nearly tore my coat tail off. They talked at me and talked until I got water on the ear. She was no chaste maiden, but they told me she was a virgin pure.”原文出自美国犹太作家辛格的短篇小说 傻瓜吉姆佩尔。小说的主人公吉姆佩尔是 个近乎文盲的孤儿，上述引文即出自吉姆佩 尔之口。鄙人意欲远走他乡。然而，此时人人皆忙 于为在下做媒，在下所到之处，红娘紧随其 后，形影不离，几乎将在下之燕尾扯下。他
4、们滔滔不绝，口若悬河，致使在下双耳嗡鸣 。此女即非大家闺秀，亦非小家碧玉，本无 贞操可言。然而，他们却称此女乃圣洁之贞 女也。My old friend Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down to the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine ho
5、use and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer it rained continuously and it was often bitterly cold.哈里逊是我的旧友，侨居地中海多年，近返 英国。他早已梦想在英国本土退休，迁往乡 间定居。归国伊始，便买下一栋清雅的别墅 。可是刚一住下，就抱怨起英国的天气来； 原来虽说当时炎暑未尽，但阴雨连绵，寒冷 彻骨。“he has been in his
6、room all day,” the landlady said downstairs. “I guess he dont feel well. I said to him Mr Anderson, you ought to go out and take a walk on nice fall like this, but he didnt feel like it.”“他整日在房间里，”房东太太在楼下说。“ 我估计他感到不适。我对他说：安德森先生 ，你理应出去散步，这样的大好秋光是很宜 于散步的，可他就是不想出去。”Some public officials make nice to po
7、liticians they cannot stand because they need their good will.有些当官的对那些他们吃不消的政客不得 不哄着、拍着，因为这些人得罪不得。Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in judgment and disposition of b
8、usiness.(Bacon)读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其 怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采业， 最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处 世判事之际。求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可 以增长才干。当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消 遣。当你高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。当你 处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着力量。“there was a rare-to-do all over the town when they found out the Driffields had shot the moon. It made me laugh. Lord George saye never knew t
9、hey was broke, ande makes oute was as surprised as anybody.”（说话 人是一个女佣人，平时讲话总是快言快语， 吐字不清，本身受教育程度也不高）“德烈菲尔德夫妇半夜出逃后，城里顿时出 现了少有的热闹。我只觉得奥（好）笑。乔 治勋爵说，他一点也不知道他们是穷光蛋。 他装的鹅（和）别人一样吃惊。英国作家Salamn Rushdi的小说撒旦 诗篇（The Satanic Verse)中一位名叫 S.S.Sisodia的印度人说过一句精彩的话：The trouble with the Engenglish is that their hiss h
10、iss history happened overseas, so they dodo dont know what it means.英英国人的麻烦是，他们的历.历历史 发生在海外，所以他们不.不.不明白这历 史的含含意。英.阴国人的麻烦是，他们的历.历. 隶史发生在海外，所以他们不不.不明白 这历.隶史的含寒意。二，句法标记在英文原文中，不论是简单句、并列句还 是复合句，或者是作者为了取得某种效果而 刻意创造的某种特别的句式，如果在译文中 能恰当地采用过来，而又不违背汉语的基本 规律，那就应该采用，以增强语言的表达效 果。.and the sea the sea crimson somet
11、imes like fire and the glorious sunsets and the fightrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets and pink and blue and yellow houses and the rose gardens and jessamine and geraniums and cactuses.(“还有海洋深红的海洋有时候真像火一样的 红嘿夕阳西下太壮观了还有阿拉梅达那些花 园里的无花果树真的那些别致的小街还有一 幢幢桃红的蓝的黄的房子还有一座座玫瑰花 园还有
12、茉莉花天竺葵仙人掌。.大海 有时候大海是深红色的 就像火似的 还有那壮丽的落日 再就是阿拉梅达园里的 无花果树 对啦 还有那一条条奇妙的小街 一座座桃红天蓝淡黄的房子 还有玫瑰园啦茉 莉花啦 天竺葵啦仙人掌啦.It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.有钱的单身汉总要娶为太太，这是一条举世 公认的真理。有这样一条举世公认的真理，在此我们可以对译文读者的阅读过程做一下简单剖析！这就是，有钱 的单身汉总要娶位太
13、太。On the morning of a fine June day, my first bonny little nursling and the last of the ancient Earnshaw stock, was born.6月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，厄恩肖这个古老世家 的最后一代继承人出生了，这是第一个我亲自喂养 的孩子。六月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，我要抚养的第一个 小宝宝，也是古老的厄恩肖家族的最后一根独苗， 出世了。An elegant handwriting, like the elegant hand that wrote it. I pushed it to one
14、side and had another drink. I began to feel a little less savage. I pushed things around the desk. My hands felt thick and hot and awkward. I ran a finger across the corner of the desk and looked at the streak made by the wiping off of the dust. I looked at the dust on my finger and wiped that off.
15、I looked at my watch. I looked at the wall. I looked at nothing.I put the liquor bottle away and went over the washbowl to rinse the glass out. When I had done that I washed my hands and bathed my face in cold water and looked at it .优美字迹，就像那只写字的优美的手。我 把它推在一旁，又喝了一杯酒。我感到平静 一点了，摆弄着写字台上的东西。我的双手 感到有点麻木、
16、发热、发僵。我用一个手指 在写字台的一角划了一道，望着划去灰尘的 那一道斜线。我看了看手指，掸去手指尖上 的灰尘。看了看表，望着墙，望着茫然的空 间。我将酒瓶放到了另一个地方，在洗碗槽 里洗了一下酒杯。后来，我又洗了洗双手， 把脸浸在冷水里，我注视着盆里的水.三，修辞标记：英语的修辞格主要分为三类：音韵修辞， 词义修辞和结构修辞。 音韵修辞主要包括头韵法，尾韵法和拟声词。It was a splendid population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.出来的这批移民各个出类拔萃，因为凡是 呆板呆滞呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在家乡。After a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst into “Beasts of Engl
