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1、CET-4 Writing ClassSaturday, September 19, 2009三大写作高分要素1. 1. 结构清晰结构清晰1 1） 文章框架要合理文章框架要合理一般来说，四级作文都是由一般来说，四级作文都是由三个段落三个段落组组 成，偶尔也可以是两段或四段，其结构和成，偶尔也可以是两段或四段，其结构和 内容需根据文章主题和提纲中给出的段落内容需根据文章主题和提纲中给出的段落 提示来确定，不能随意安排。提示来确定，不能随意安排。2 2） 文章结构要完整文章结构要完整一般来说，一般来说，开头段开头段交代全文主题；交代全文主题；中间中间 段段围绕主题进行论述；围绕主题进行论述；结尾段
2、结尾段与开头段相与开头段相 呼应，或总结呼应，或总结、或提出建议、或提供解决、或提出建议、或提供解决 方法，这三部分缺一不可方法，这三部分缺一不可。3 3） 文章主题不偏离文章主题不偏离全篇各个段落都要为一个中心思想服务全篇各个段落都要为一个中心思想服务 ，而且每个段落都要围绕一个主题句来展，而且每个段落都要围绕一个主题句来展 开，通常是开，通常是一个主题句再加上一或两句扩一个主题句再加上一或两句扩 展句构成展句构成。若有游离于中心思想之外的段。若有游离于中心思想之外的段 落或句子则会使文章显得零散杂乱落或句子则会使文章显得零散杂乱。背景介绍u背景介绍是一种最常用的开头方式，几乎适用 于所有类
3、型文章的写作。一般文章在进入正题 之前也最好有个铺垫，而背景介绍法正好满足 了这个要求。u背景介绍的开头= 背景概述+背景详述u一般要先用一个高度概括的句子概要介绍某种 现象或问题，然后用简洁的几句话对该现象或 问题进行稍微具体的描述。Waste on CampusNowadays, waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus. Food is thrown away simply because it doesnt taste good. Newspapers and magazines are discarded, because they
4、 have been read. What is worse, students seem to be quite accustomed to such waste and dont have a feeling of guilt. But waste can do much harm. u 请分别找出背景概述句，背景详述句On Disposal products （关于“一次性用品”的利弊）Disposal products are gaining increasing popularity in China. Now they practically become part of our
5、life: We have disposal chopsticks, disposal clothes, disposal camerasIndeed we are in a throwaway society.u 请分别找出背景概述句,背景详述句常用词u万能词： common ; popular (popularity n.)u负面现象：Serious (seriousness); prevalent ;建 议 背景概述中往往加上一两句表示强调的句式。e.g. Nowadays, its widely known to us raising pets such as dogs and rab
6、bits is becoming increasing popular in big cities.As is known to all ; its widely known;As is known to all ; its widely known;its generally believed that; its generally believed that;its commonly held that; its commonly held that; its widely accepted that its widely accepted that 背景介绍常用句型 With the d
7、evelopment of modern society（随着 现代社会的发展）/ advance of science and technology / improvement of peoples living standard Recently the phenomenon ofhas aroused considerable/great concern.（近来 现象引起很 大的关注。） Recently the issue of has been brought into focus.（近来问题成为人们关注的焦点。） These dayshad become a common occu
8、rrence in our daily life.(近年在日常生活中时有发生。) Its often reported that（据报道.） Nowadays its widely accepted that has gained increasing popularity.(现在人们普遍认为 已经越 来越流行了。) has become a hot topic among people. According to the chart/graph/table, its clear that / it can been seen that From the chart/, we learn th
9、at nowadays As is described in the chart,/ As can be seen from the chart, The chart describes / reveals / shows that 说明原因/影响/因素段 There may be several factors which contribute to /account for / explain / are responsible for( 也可用分词结构) A large number of factors might contribute to / lead to / account f
10、or the issue/this situation. There are many reasons explaining 主题。The main reason is 理由一。What is more 理由二。As a result ， 讲述导致的结果。 This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, Second, The importance / harmfulness/ benefit of 主题 to sb. can be found in the aspects as follow. In the first place
11、,.现象解释型 提出或描述现象解释这种现象形 成的原因提出自己的观点（总结 ）(在解释原因时，切忌凌乱，一定要有调理。可 以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly, finally; for one thing, .for another,. )结构模式现象解释型（行文思路一）Students use of computers According to the chart, it is clear that the students use of computers has grown rapidly in recent years. The chart shows, f
12、rom 1990 to 1995, the average hours that students spent on computers in every week were only doubled, while in 2000, the number grew to 20 hours, which is five times as many as that of 1995. Many reasons contribute to this tremendous growth. First of all, the low price of the computer allows many st
13、udents to have one in their dormitories. So the students can often use their computers to do the assignments, play games and chat with their friends. Moreover, many net bars provide students convenient access to computers. In addition, Internet provides students an amazing world to explore. As a res
14、ult, computers have an irresistible attraction to them. As far as I am concerned, there are still problems in students use of computers. For one thing, students dont have enough skills to command computers, which limits their full use of computers. For another, students who are short of self-discipl
15、ines may forget their main task of study. To conclude, effective measures should be taken for students to guarantee the reasonable use of computers. 范文 1真题再现 2006.6真题（现象解释型） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Students Selecting Lecturers. You
16、 should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 有些大学允许自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2）学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3）学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题On Students Selecting Lecturers（1 ） Nowadays students in some universities are entitled to the optional choice on lecturers for some specific courses. Th
