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1、 摘要摘要换热器是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，通过这种设备使物料能达到指定的温度以满足工艺的要求。换热器是化工、石油、动力、食品以及其他许多工业部门的通用设备，在生产中占有举足轻重的地位，已经得到了越来越广泛的应用。本设计综合考虑介质性质，效益成本等因素，选择了固定管板式的换热器，固定管板式换热器的两端管板采用焊接方法与壳体连接固定。换热管可为光管或低翅管。其结构简单，制造成本低，能得到较小的壳体内径，管程可分成多样，壳程也可用纵向隔板分成多程，规格范围广，故在工程中广泛应用。在本设计过程中，严格按照 GB150-1998钢制压力容器和 GB151-1999管壳式换热器以及换热器设计
2、手册等标准进行设计和计算。综合考虑各种因素，结构设计合理、经济，同时满足制造、检修、装备、运输和维修等要求；换热器的材料、主要尺寸选择恰当，满足强度、刚度、稳定性和水压试验等校核要求。本设计按照任务书的要求，对给定的介质和处理量分析，对换热器进行选型，热流量恒算，估算出换热面积之后对传热系数进行严格校正，计算出实际换热面积，最后 jinx 那个压力降和壁温的计算。设计的后半部分对各个结构逐一进行分析和设计以及强度检验，主要是根据已经选定的换热器形式进行设备内各零件（如接管、折流板、管箱等） ，包括：材料的选择、具体尺寸的确定、具体位置的确定、管板厚度计算、开孔补强等。最终完成整个设备的设计。关
3、键词关键词：换热器；吸收器；工艺设计；结构设计AbstractThe evaporator is a type of heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is the transmission of heat to heat fluid to the cold fluid equipment, this equipment can make materials reaches the specified temperature to meet the technological requirements. Heat exchanger is the gener
4、al equipment in chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial sectors, has play a decisive role status in production, has been more and more widely used.The design consideration of media properties, cost and other factors, choose the U tube heat exchanger with evaporating space, U type
5、tube type heat exchanger is only one tube plate, simple structure, less sealing surface, and U type tube heat exchanger can be freely telescopic, no temperature difference stress. In the design process, design and calculation in strict accordance with the“ GB150-1998“ steel pressure vessel and “ GB1
6、51-1999 “shell and tube heat exchanger for heat exchanger design handbook“ and other standards. Considering various factors, reasonable structure design, economic, manufacturing, maintenance, and meet the equipment, transport and repair requirements; select the appropriate size, the main material of
7、 heat exchanger, to meet the requirements of strength, rigidity, stability and hydraulic test check.The design in accordance with the requirements of the mission, the analysis and processing of a given amount of medium, selection of heat exchanger, heat flow balance, estimate of heat transfer area o
8、n the heat transfer coefficient is strictly correction, calculate the actual heat exchange area, at last jinx the pressure drop and wall temperature calculation. The latter part of the design of each structure tested one by one analysis and design as well as the strength, is mainly based on the heat
9、 exchangers have been selected components of equipment (such as pipe, baffle plate, tube box), including: the choice of materials, in particular to determine the size, specific to determine the position, the thickness of the tube plate opening reinforcement calculation, etc. The design of the final
10、completion of the entire equipment.Keywords: heat exchanger evaporator; methanol; process design; structure design目目 录录1. 绪论 .11.1 工程背景 .11.2 换热器简介 .11.3 设计概述 .21.4 设计要求 .21.5 设计题目 .32. 传热工艺计算 .42.1 介质定性温度物性 .42.2 热流量恒算 .42.3 估算换热面积 .42.4 管径和流速的选择 .52.5 换热管的排列方式 .52.6 平均温差校核 .62.7 壳体直径确定 .63. 换热器核算.73.1 管程给热系数.7i3.2 壳程给热系数.803.3 总传热系数校核.93.4 传热面积校核、热流密度核算.103.5 壁温核算.103.6 压力降计算.103.6.1 管程压力降 .113.6.2 壳程压力降 .114. 结构设计及强度校核 .124.1 壳体设计和强度计算 .124.2 折流板的设计 .134.3 拉杆设计 .134.4 管箱短节设计 .144.4.1 管箱结构设计.144.4.2 前端管箱封头设计.164.4.3 管箱法兰.174.4.4 封头强度计算.174.7 壳体后端封头设计 .184.8 管板设计 .194.9 管板的连接 .214.9
