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1、IdiolectEthnic dialectDefinition：Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.ExamplenLocal humornShanghainesenHaipai QingkounsatiricalAn ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regiona
2、l differences; it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. For example, black English, the kind of English spoken mostly by a large section of non-middle-class American Blacks.The characterastics
3、 of Black English Pronunciation and Intonation Syntax and Grammar Spelling1.NO / r /2.NO / l / e.g coal, goal / kou/， /gou/3. Lenition 辅音弱化 / b/, /d/, /g/ /p/, /t/, /k/ e.g led & let4. /, / e / are always transformed. / / t / e.g think / tink / f / e.g mouth / mauf / e / / d / e.g they / dei / with
4、/ wid / 5.Sometimes / i /, / e / are the same. E.g pin & pen6. The simplification of the consonant affix 辅音连缀的简化e.g passed，past passmend，meant men 7. The change of stress e.g police police 8. Intonation 与标准美语相比,在相似的情景中,黑人英语语调变化比白人大, 经常使用高调甚至假声是黑人英语的一个特征After vowel e.g hard & hadBetween vowels e.g pa
5、rise & pass1. Omit “be” e.g He too tall for me. / My momma in hospital.2. “Be” tells time e.g if someone says“The coffee cold”, it means “Today the coffee is cold”, but if he want to tells us “Everyday the coffee is cold”, then he should say “The coffee be cold”.3. Negation 1) 3 forms of negation :
6、aint, dont, ditn2) Two noes dont make a yes. you cant do nothing for him. = you can do nothing for him.在双重否定中，主语否定词与时态否定词常常倒装，表示否定的助动词可置句首，称之为否定倒装。 （inverting negative） Cant nobody do nothing about it. 1. 4. Omit “s” 1) The third-person singular e.g he go./ it rain.2. 2) The plural forms of nouns e.
7、g two book3. 3) Nouns of the Possessive Case e.g my father house4. my fathers house5. 5.“ Its a.” insteads of “There is a.” e.g Its four boy and two girl in the family.1. “Er” can be replaced by “a” e.g player playa2. “Ks”cks” can be replaced by “x” e.g thanks thanx3. The special use of “O” e.g love
8、 luv nothing nuthin 4.”s” can be replaced by“z” e.g easy ez5. going gonna, want to wannaout of outta, kind of kinda6. “Ing” becomes “in” coming cominhttp:/ Slave TradeUnfair educationThe policy of racial discriminationInterference of mother tongue.Cant believe I hadda girl like you 不敢相信我会拥有你这样的女孩 An
9、d I just let you walk right outta my life 而我居然让你离开我的生命 After all I put u thru u still stuck 我这样对你但你仍如此坚持 Around and stayed by my side 陪伴著我为我停留 What really hurt me is I broke ur heart, baby 但真正伤我的是我让你心碎，宝贝 You were a good girl and I had no right 你是个好女孩但我却没资格拥有你 I Really wanna make things right 我好希望这一切都没发生过 Cuz, without u in my life girl 没你在我的生命里 Hadda-had aoutta-out ofu-youthru-throughur-yourwanna-want to,cuz-cause
