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1、英语语法英语语法句子成分句子成分和和基本句型基本句型Date1Date2什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !Date3现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓 语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有 七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（ attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（ com
2、plement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及 其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型 ，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分？Date41.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体，常位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是疑 问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助 动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表 示。Date51.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class.
3、3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式） （动名词）（名词化的形容词）Date67.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a for
4、eign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）Date7 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4 分钟） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is ver
5、y difficult.Date8谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或 具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语 ，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下 ： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.Date9谓语 2 2、复合谓语：复合谓语： （1 1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. You may keep the book for two
6、 weeks. （2 2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形, ,现在分词现在分词, ,过去分词过去分词 构成。如：构成。如：Do you speak EnglishDo you speak English？They are working in a field.They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold. He has caught a bad cold. （3 3）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致注意：
7、谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致 。Date10 1. Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework 2. What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is 3. We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor 4. He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. mu
8、sic 5. Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. bookDate11表语 表语(Predicative) 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份 ，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语 及表语从句表示。例如： Date121.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weath
9、er has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）Date136.His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been
10、abroad. （表语从句）Date14挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.Date15 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, fee
11、l, taste, sound, look 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持续：remain, stay, keep,Date16 I. 常用作连系动词： 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢 grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run; 颜色、天气大不同 turn；Get become口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。 如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果
12、是不好的。 如：Its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。 Date17 Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程 ，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容 词。 如：我想和你一起慢慢变老。 I want to grow old with you. Run 与grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能 消耗的东西。 如：Still water runs deep. 静水深流。 Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表 达与之前大不相同。 如：The weather suddenly turne
13、d hot. 天气突然变热了。Date184. 宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对 象或承爱者，一般位于及物 动词和介词后面。宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） Lend me your dictionary. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） They elected him their monitor. Date19宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者， 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3
14、.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）Date204.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）Date21宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Le
15、nd me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，“七 给”一“带”to不少 例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.Date22 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, pro
