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1、 I.冠词的定义冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不 能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它 词类说明其意义.II.冠词的种类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指 一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.III.不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的 名词前, 一般读作; an 用在以元音开头的名词 前,一般读作n.1.首次提到某人或某物,常起介绍作用.He is a doctor.He is studying in a university.2.在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物,通常不必译 出.An ear is an organ for listen
2、ing.A fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=The fox is a cunning animal.3.说明某一事物,相当于the same,表示”相同”的意 思.They are nearly of an age.The two shirts are of a size.Birds of a feather flock together.4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有”每一”的意 思.The train is running at 60 km an hour.He earns two thousand yuan
3、a month.5.其他用法1).物质名词或抽象名词前用a / an表示具体意义制 成品或种类.The little girl is eating an ice-cream at the table.Its an honor to me to be given such a good chance to make a further study at university.Honesty is a virtue.2)人名前用a / an 表示说话人对次人不认识,相当于 ”a certain” .Our music teacher is a Miss White.A Mr Chen came t
4、o see you this morning.也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物.He wishes to became a Newton.He is a Lei Feng in our class.3).专有名词中的地名前用a / an 指某时期或某个样 子的某地.She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.4).a / an 用于某些固定词组中once upon a time / an hour or twohave a walk / many a timeturn a deaf ear toIV.定冠词的
5、用法1.使用定冠词的场合1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物,the 不必 译出.The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Horses are useful animals.2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk.I received a letter a few days ago. The letter was from England.3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前.Pass me the book,
6、 please.Would you mind my opening the window?4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词前This is the place where I once lived.The plane to Shanghai has taken off.5).在序数词前The first boy is his younger brother.I am the last to come.6).在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前the world / the sun / the moon / the sky / the earth7).在方向名词前on the right / lef
7、tin the east / west / south / north8).在形容词和副词的最高级前Winter is the coldest season of the year.Who sings (the) best in your class?副词的最高级经常省略the9).在某些形容词(或分词)前表示一类人或事物The young / the grown-up / the blind / the wounded / the oppressed10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人.The Greens are at table.The Chens will move to Naijing
8、.11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代When he went to America in the seventies, he was already in his forties.In the 1870s, Marx began to learn Russian.12).在乐器的名称前The girl is playing the piano.He often plays the violin in the evening.13).在表示单位的名词前I have hired the car by the hour.Eggs are sold by the dozen.14).在由普通名词或
9、形容词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall / the United States / The Summer Palace15).在由”普通名词+专有名词”构成的专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China / the New York Times / the Readers Digest16).表示全体国民的专有名词前the Chinese / the French17).江河湖海运河海湾海峡山脉群岛森林平原 盆地沙漠等专有名词前the yellow river / the Pacific Ocean / the West lake / the Suez Ca
10、nal / the Gulf of Mexico / the English Channel / the Himalayas / the British Isles / the Black forest / the North China Plain / the Tarim Basin / the Sahara Desert注:Mount Fuji / Lake Baikal 无冠词18)在发明物前Who invented the telephone?It was Edison that invented the lamp.19)固定词组中In the form of / in the end
11、 / 2.不常用冠词的场合1).表示人名地名国名节日月份星期季节等专有 名词前Marx / Guangxi / Europe / China / National Day / March / Sunday / spring2). 复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指They are teachers, not students.People in the south like rice.3).表示职位身份头衔的名词前Aunt Mary / Professor Zhang / President Lincoln4.物质名词或抽象名词前Failure is the mother of success.
12、Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.5.表示学科疾病球类游戏颜色和感官名称的名词 前Economics is different from politics.Granny died of cancer two years ago.He likes football.Do you play chess (bridge, cards)?Smell is one of the five senses.*有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词a / anHave a fever / cold / headache6.表示餐名的名词前(breakfast / lun
13、ch / supper / dinner)Dinner is ready. / she is at lunch. / What do we have for supper?*如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别时要用a/anThe breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived.That was a very nice (good, hearty) supper. 7.称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前Good morning, boys and girls.Where is Dad, Mum?Poor fellow! He broke his leg.8.与by连用
14、的表示交通工具的名词前By bike / bus / train / tube / coach / land / sea*如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语,不用byHe came here on his old bike.9).名词前有名词所有格形容词性物主代词指示代 词疑问词以及some, little, both, each, either, few, a few, a little, any, no, another, every, much, many等形容词作定语时Johns mother is a teacher.Whose purse is this?These books / o
15、ur research groupSome interesting stories.10).以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时Day and night / pen and ink / husband and wifeFather and son / sun and moon / master and servant*用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时Face to face / hand in hand / side by side / step by step / from top to bottom / from morning to night / from beginning to e
16、ndV.冠词的辩析和差异1.用冠词与不用冠词的差异1).at tableat the table2).in hospital in the hospital3).by seaby the sea进餐在桌子旁住院在医院里乘船(由海路)在海边4).go to seago to the sea5).in futurein the future6).on earthon the earth7).go to school (church)go to the school (church)8).in front ofin the front of当水手 去海边从今以后在将来究竟,到底 在地球上上学(作礼拜)去学校(教堂)在前面外部的内部的9).on horse backon the horse back10).two of usthe two of us11).out of questionout of the question2.用定冠
