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1、English Literature during the English Bourgeois Revolution and the Restoration (1625-1688)1.Political backgroundThe intermingling conflicts within ruling classes The breakout of civil war in 1640 Oliver Cromwells Republic England The Restoration of Monarchy in 1660 Stuart Absolutism in the reign of
2、Charles II and James II Glorious Revolution in 16882. Ideological background of English Literature Ideological conflicts: Affirmation of divine right of the king Limitation of the absolute right of king by parliament Abolition of monarchy and the establishment of republicanism Religious conflict: Th
3、e Anglican church VS the Puritans Philosopher: John Locke (1632-1704)3. Major Literary FiguresJohn Dryden (1631-1700)John Bunyan (1628-1688)John Milton (1608-1674)A poet-dramatist-prose writer “The father of English criticism The forerunner of neo-classicism An Essay of Dramatic Poesy The Pilgrims P
4、rogressHis identities:His identities:p A Puritan p A staunch fighter for liberty in politics, religion, education, marriage and all the other social fields p A poet p A prose writer p A Latin Secretary: a pamphleteer in defense of English bourgeois revolution p An epic writer p A dramatist John Milt
5、on and his literary accomplishments His literary creations:His literary creations:p Prose works: Areopagitica p Pamphlets:Of the Tenure of Kings and MagistratesThe Defense of the English PeopleThe Second Defense of the English PeopleThe Ready and Easy Way p Epics:Paradise LostParadise Regained p Ver
6、se TragedySamson Agonistesu No man who knows aught can be so stupid to deny that all men naturally were born free. -Of Prelatical EpiscopacyExtracts from Miltons worksu Good and evil we know in the field of the world grow up together almost inseparately; and the knowledge of good is so involved and
7、interwoven with the knowledge of evil, and in so many cunning resemblances hardly to be discerned. u Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties. -Areopagiticau I saw that a way was opening for the establishment of real liberty; that the fo
8、undation was laying for the deliverance of man from the yoke of slavery and superstition; -The Second Defence of the English PeopleExtracts from Miltons worksu It being manifest, that the power of kings and magistrates is nothing else but what is only derivative, transferred, and committed to them i
9、n trust from the people to the common good of them all, in whom the power yet remains fundamentally, and cannot be taken from them, without a violation of their natural birthright. -Of the Tenure of Kings and MagistratesThe contradiction between:Milton as a Puritan and Milton as a republicanMilton a
10、s a Puritan and Milton as a Renaissance humanist for gay life of physical pleasure Miltonic line in blank verseWhat though the field be lost? All is not lost: the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield, And what is else not to be overcome; That
11、glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deify his power Who, from the terror of this arm, so late Doubted his empire - that were low indeed; That were an ignominy and shame beneath This downfall;Such commission from above I have received
12、, to answer thy desire Of knowledge within bounds; beyond abstain To ask, not let thine own inventions hope Things not revealed, which the invisible King, Only Omniscient, hath suppressed in night, To none communicable in Earth or Heaven. Enough is left besides to search and know: But Knowledge is as food, and needs no less Her temperance over appetite, to know In measure what the mind may well contain; Oppresses else with surfeit, and soon turns Wisdom to folly, as nourishment to wind.
