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1、知识网络：减数分裂同源染色体分离非同源染色体 自由组合分离定律等位基因分离重组 类型非等位基因自由 组合 自由组合定律雌雄配子随机受精性状 分离实质实质等位基因分离非同源染色体 自由组合非等位基因自由 组合 性状 重组Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
2、Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.人工杂交:（母本）去雄传粉套袋套袋(未成熟)(防止外来花粉干扰)(花蕊成熟)(防止外来花粉干扰)获得种子，播种观察 子代植株性状异花传粉 去 雄传粉Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose
3、Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、一对相对性状的遗传实验高茎矮茎P高茎F1F2高茎矮茎3 1Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
4、Ltd.性状是由遗传因子控制的；假说要点之一：假说要点之二： 体细胞中遗传因子是成对存在的 假说要点之三： 形成配子时，成对的遗传因子彼此分离显性遗传因子 显性性状显性遗传因子对隐性遗传因子具有显性控制作用假说要点之四： 学科网 受精时，雌雄配子的结合是随机的控制隐性遗传因子 隐性性状控制三、分离现象的解释（提出假说 ）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
5、ent Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、对分离现象解释的验证 演绎推理高考总复习生物如解释正确，则如解释正确，则DdddDddd1Dd1Dd：1dd1ddF F1 1 矮茎矮茎3030高：高：3434矮矮实验验证结论：结论：实验的数据与理论分析相符，解释是正确的实验的数据与理论分析相符，解释是正确的Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
6、nt Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.五、分离定律在生物的体细胞中，控制同一性状的遗传因子成对存在，不相融合；在形成配子时，成对的遗传 因子发生分离，分离后的遗传因子分别进入不同的 配子中，随配子遗传给后代。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides fo
7、r .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.假 说演 绎 法一对相对性状的杂交实验对分离现象的解释预测测交结果测交实验分离定律提出问题演绎推理实验验证提出假说结论孟德尔在做一对相对 性状的遗传实验时使用了假说 演绎法。那么它的基本过程是怎样的呢？Evaluation only.Evaluation only
8、. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.重 点 概 念 相对性状一种生物的同一种性状的不同表现类型。 显性性状和隐性性状在杂种子一代中显现出来的性状叫做显性性状，未显 现出来的性状叫做隐性性状。 性状分离在杂种后代中同时出现显性性状和隐性性状
9、的现象。等位基因位于一对同源染色体的相同位置上，控制着相对性 状的基因，叫做等位基因。 学.科.网Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 必须是有性生殖 必须是真核生物 必须是细
10、胞核遗传 必须是一对相对性状的遗传五、基因的分离规律的适用范围Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.六、实践应用Evaluation only.Evaluation only.
11、Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created
12、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.六、基因分离定律的例题分析1.已知基因型求表现型遗传图解 分离定律的六种交配方式(正推、逆推、隐性纯和突破）P 的基因型F的基因型及比例 F的表现型及比例 1AAAA 2AAAa 3AAaa 4AaAa 5Aaaa 6aaaaAAA_ AAAaA_ AaA_ AA2Aaaa3A_aa AaaaAaaa aaaa ABO血型 复等位基因Evalu
13、ation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2自由交配与自交的区别 自由交配的后代情况多用基因频率（配子 比例）的方法计算 zxxkEvaluation only.Evaluation onl
14、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Crea
15、ted with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3纯合子、杂合子的判断 (1)测交法 待测个体隐性纯合子Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien
16、t Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4果皮、种皮、胚、胚乳的基因型分析(1)果皮(包括豆荚)、种皮分别由子房壁、珠被(母本体细胞)发育而来，基因型与母本相同；(2)胚(胚轴、胚根、胚芽、子叶组成)由受精卵发育而来，基因型由母本和父本共同决定(3)胚乳由受精极核发育而来，基因型为母本配子基因型的两倍加上父本配子基因型，与胚的基因型有关Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyrig
