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1、高考物理二轮复习系列 课件Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.图象 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.S
2、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、高考对图象的考查表现为: 1. “识图” 2. “画图 ”3. “转换图 ” 4. “用图 ”一、高考要求1.知识要求 2.能力要求 二、高考试题回顾Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with A
3、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.内容要求说明 3.匀速直线运动S t图、V t图6.匀变速直线运动V t图 34.简谐运动的位移 时间图象38.横波的图象 82.正弦交变电流的图象一、高考要求1.知识要求Evaluation only.Evaluation only
4、. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.在高考考试大纲的能力要求中,其中第 4个方面 “应用数学处理物理问题的能力”中明确 指出:能够根据具体问题列出物理量之间的关系, 进行推导和求解,并根据结果得出物理结论;必要 时能运用几何图形、函数图象
5、进行表达和分析.2.能力要求一、高考要求Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、高考试题回顾从近几年的江苏高考试题来看,平均每年都有1-3个图 象问题,图象在整个物理学中具有普
6、遍意义,因此一直是高考 必考的热点.2000年第21题(横波的图象);2001年第17题(气体的PT图象)、第20题(横波的图象) ; 2003年第3题(分子力分子间距离的图象)、第7题(简谐运 动的位移时间图象)、第19题(力时间的图象);2004年第8题(简谐运动的位移时间图象)、第12题(伏安 特性曲线、电压时间图象) ;2005年第8题(横波的图象)、第11题(弹簧的长度弹力的 图象) .Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Crea
7、ted with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、高考对物理图象的考查主要表现为以下四个方面: 1. “识图”“识图”就是识别纵、横坐标所代 表的物理量,图象反映出什么物理规律? 明确物理图象中的点(起点、交点、拐点 、终点)、线(直、曲)、峰值、截距、 斜率、面积、正负号等的物理意义,以及 图象给我们提供了哪些有用的信息?Evaluation only.Evaluation onl
8、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2.粗看图线描述的两个量间的关系 “识图”的一般方 法 1.先看“纵、横”轴的物理量及单位意义 3.综合“数”(解析几何)“理”(物理规律 )分 析具体的规律。如: 方程(一般是直线。若曲线则“化曲为
9、直”) 斜率(一般由方程看意义) 面积(一般看纵横物理量乘积的意义,Vt、Ft 、CU、FS、) 截距(一个量为零时的另个量的值,结合物理 方程或情景,再看其意义) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 As
10、pose Pty Ltd.例1:识别下列S t图象与V t图象,判断物体的运动情况S(A)t(B)t00VV0S0St0(E)t1S0Vt0(F)t1V0甲t1t3乙S0(C)t0S(D)t0V甲t1t3乙V0静止匀速运动正向匀速负向匀速正向匀加速正向匀减速负向匀速先正向匀减速后负向匀加速t2.P速度相等t2.P 相遇位移t1Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
11、Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.am8405 10t/sv/ms-18405 10aF8405 10a1/m8405 10U/VI/A8405 10U/VI/A8405 10U/VI/A8645 100例:识别下列各种图象, 并说出其物理意义意义?Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Cr
12、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.T/s4201 2 3 4 5L/mT2/s201 2 3 4L/m161284斜率 k= T2 / L= 42 /gg=42 L/T2= 2 =9.87m/s2斜率 k=h=6.610-34 Js W= 2.5 10-19 J 0=4.0 1014HzEk/10-19 J/1014Hz05 1042-2化曲为直!Evaluation
13、 only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.分子力和共振曲线Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
14、 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.电源的输出功率-外电阻的关系图象可见电源输出功率随外电阻变化的图线如图所示,O RP出Pmr而当内外电阻相等时,电源的输出功率最大为Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
15、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2. “画图 ”(1) 根据实验数据描点画图; (2)先建立函数关系式再画图. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2005江苏11)某同学用如图所示装置做探究弹力和弹簧伸 长关系的实验他先测出不挂砝码时弹簧下端指针所指 的标尺刻度,然后在弹簧下端挂上砝码,并逐个增加砝 码,测出指针所指的标尺刻度,所得数据列表如下: (g=9.8ms2)例3:Evaluation only.Evaluation only. C