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1、项目一 砂石材料1. 砂石材料的技术性质一、岩石的技术性质内容提要二、道路与桥涵用岩石制品三、集料的技术性质Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、物理性质 （物理常数、吸水性
2、、耐候性） 真实密度：在规定条件下，烘干石料矿质单位 体积的质量t=ms/vs=M/Vst 石料的真实密度Ms 矿质实 体的质量Vs 矿质实 体的体积问题Vs怎样确定？1）物理常数Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-
3、2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.认识石料的组成：矿物实体+孔隙V=VS+VOVS 石料矿质实体的体积VO 石料孔隙的体积Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 毛体积密度
4、：在规定条件下，烘干石料包括孔隙在内的 单位体积的质量b= M / V=M / （VS+VN+VI）b 石料的毛体积密度M 石料的质量V 石料的总体积 问 题V怎样来测定？ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-201
5、1 Aspose Pty Ltd. 孔隙率： 孔隙：分类开口孔闭口孔按与外界是否连通分按尺寸分粗大孔 细小孔 微细孔孔隙特征：指是否与外界连通、指尺寸 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pt
6、y Ltd.孔隙率 ：孔隙体积占石料总体积的百分率。用n来表示 n=（VO / V）100=（V-VS）/V 100=1-（VS /v） 100=1-（m/t )/m/h 100=(1- h /t) 100孔隙率是衡量材料密实程度的指标。孔隙对材料性能的影响：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright
7、2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.孔隙对材料的强度、吸水性、抗冻性 、吸音性等均 有影响。开口孔多的材料：吸音效果好。声波 材料 反射 穿透 吸收闭口孔多的材料：保温隔热效果好粗大孔：水不易存留、易流出细小孔：水进入以后不易流出Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
8、Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2）吸水性 定义：岩石在规定条件下吸水的能力 指标：吸水率、饱水率、吸水率：岩石吸水率是指在室内常温（202）和大气压 条件下，石料试件最大的吸水质量占烘干石料试件质量 的百分率。Wa=(m1-m) mEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Asp
9、ose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.、 饱和吸水率：在室内常温和真空抽气后的条件下，石料最大吸水的质量 占烘干石料试件质量的百分率区别：饱水率是在石料抽至真空的条件下测定的，此时 水几乎充满开口孔隙的全部体积。饱水率吸水率影响吸水性的因素：a、孔隙特征、孔隙率b、岩石的酸碱性c、矿物成分组织构造Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose
10、.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3）抗冻性 定义：石料在吸水饱和的状态下，抵抗多次冻结和融化 作用而不发生显著破坏，同时也不严重降低强度的性质 指标： 抗冻标号直接冻融法抗冻标号越大 抗冻性越好Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created
11、with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.根据石料能抵抗的冻融循环次数，将石料分为5、10、15 、25、50等等级。抗冻标号：根据所能经受得冻融循环次数分坚固性快速方法Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with A
12、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、力学性质1）单轴抗压强度：（无侧限抗压强度）定义：规定的试件在达到极限破坏时，单位面积上所承 受的压力用于评定岩石强度、划分石料等级定义：岩石抵抗撞击、边缘剪切和摩擦等联合作用的性能试验方法：洛杉矶式 （搁板式） 狄法尔式（双筒式
13、）2）磨耗性Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、化学性质：（了解）酸性石料 中性石料碱性石料 SiO2 6552 SiO265SiO2 52Evaluation only.
14、Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.补充内容：公路工程建筑用天然石料分为：岩浆岩类石灰岩类砂岩和片岩砾石Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose
15、.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二 、道路和桥梁用岩石制品道路路面建筑用岩石制品： 包括直接 铺砌路面面层用的整齐块石、半整齐块石和不整齐 块石三类；用作路面基层用的锥形块石、片石等。 各种岩石制品的技术要求和规格简要分述如下： 1.高级铺砌用整齐块石 2.路面铺砌用半整齐块
16、石 3.铺砌用不整齐块石 4.锥形块石Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.桥梁建筑所用岩石主要制品：片石、块石、方块 石、粗料石、镶面石等。1片石2块石3方块石4粗料石5细料石6镶面石Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created
