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1、饮用水水质安全与监测陈昌杰 中国疾病预防控制中心环境所Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1目 录一. 饮用水水质安全 二. 供水单位责任 三. 保证水质安全的管理方法 四.
2、消毒 五. 运行监测 六. 水质监测 七. 卫生监督Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2一饮用水水质安全Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Cr
3、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3饮用水水质标准基本原则 保证饮用水安全 符合我国国情 与国际先进水平接轨Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
4、 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4饮用水安全要点不发生因饮水引起的传染病,地方病,中毒病; 长期(终生)饮用对健康没有明显危害; 饮用水的感官性状能为饮用者接受。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
5、Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5饮用水安全全面执行生活饮用水卫生 标准该标准为国家强制执 行标准。 该标准与国际同类标准是 接轨的。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
6、0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.6安全性问题之一微生物(细菌、病毒、原虫、 蠕虫等)最大风险来源 细菌：腹泻 伤寒 痢疾 霍乱 原虫：腹泻 病毒：肝炎 腹泻 蠕虫(一个幼虫或受精卵即可能感 染) 藻类Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien
7、t Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7感染途径 (可能发发 生 脓脓毒病和 全面感染)经口摄入(饮用) 胃肠道 呼吸道 接触 （沐浴）皮肤(特别 是擦破处)、 黏膜、损伤 处、眼睛细菌 病毒 原虫和蠕虫 弯曲菌属腺病毒隐孢隐孢子虫嗜肺军团军团杆菌棘阿米巴属大肠肠埃希杆菌星形病毒麦地那龙线龙线虫非结结核分支杆菌气单单胞菌属 沙门门菌
8、属肠肠道病毒属痢疾阿米巴福勒氏耐格里 原虫假鼻疽伯克霍尔 德氏菌志贺贺菌属甲肝病毒肠贾肠贾第虫 霍乱弧菌戊肝病毒鼠弓形虫多种病毒传传染病非结结核分支杆菌 耶尔森菌属诺诺沃克病毒多种其他高暴露 情况下的病原体钩钩端螺旋体* 轮轮状病毒绿脓绿脓杆菌 Sapovirus曼氏血吸虫* 主要因接触高污污染的地面水吸入与呼吸(气溶胶)介水病原体感染途径Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .N
9、ET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.8安全性问题之二化学物质 除事故之外，一般是慢性的 地球化学物质应予重视我国因饮水中氟化物超标 而影响人体健康人数超过二千 万人Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
10、 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.9安全性问题之三放射性物质 总，总都是筛查性指标 总，总超标并不能意味即刻 就会危及健康。要进一步分析 核素才能确定能否饮用。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
11、 Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.10安全性问题之四可接受性 消费者主要根据个人感觉参与管 理 感官不好也可能指示水已污染 我国历来饮用水标准均以强制对 待 感官指标作为强制对待,但有一些 灵活Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
12、3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.11突发事件时水质要求如果突发性公共事件只是影响饮用水的感 官性状和一般化学指标，并不会对人体健康产 生不良影响的，可由当地政府处理。如果在水质改变中涉及可能对人体健康产 生危害或存在威胁时，就需要谨慎对待。如果，突发事件可能会发生传染病的威胁 时，就应当十分慎重，由集中式供水传播传染 病的后果是十分严重的。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with A
13、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.12二供水单位责任Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with
14、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.13对供水单位要求 一要求在居民取水点处,在任何时间 取得的水各项水质指标均应符合 国家标准要求。犹如食品要严格符合标准一样Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.
15、Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14要求在供水区内不发生水源性传染病、地方病、中毒病长期饮用 不会对健康有明显影响饮用者愿意接受发生突发事件,也应保证供水安全对供水单位要求 二Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspos
16、e.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.15三保证水质安全的管理方法Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.16方法一-系统风险评估从水源到居民取水点各个环节进 行风险评估
